Replication Data for: Explaining the Transnational Design of International Organizations

Replication data for Explaining the Transnational Design of International Organizations Jonas Tallberg, Thomas Sommerer, Theresa Squatrito and Christer Jönsson International Organization / Volume 68 / Issue 04 / Fall 2014, pp 741-774 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818314000149 (About DOI) Abstract: Past decades have witnessed a shift in international cooperation toward growing involvement of transnational actors (TNAs), such as nongovernmental organizations, multinational corporations, and philanthropic foundations. This article offers a comprehensive theoretical and empirical account of TNA access to IOs. The analysis builds on a novel data set, covering formal TNA access to 298 organizational bodies from fifty IOs over the time period 1950 to 2010. We identify the most profound patterns in TNA access across time, issue areas, policy functions, and world regions, and statistically test competing explanations of the variation in TNA access. The central results are three-fold. First, the empirical data confirm the existence of a far-reaching institutional transformation of IOs over the past sixty years, pervading all issue areas, policy functions, and world regions. Second, variation in TNA access within and across IOs is mainly explained by a combination of three factors: functional demand for the resources of TNAs, domestic democratic standards in the membership of IOs, and state concerns with national sovereignty. Third, existing research suffers from a selection bias that has led it to overestimate the general importance of a new participatory norm in global governance for the openness of IOs.《解释国际组织的跨国设计》复刻数据集，作者约纳斯·塔尔伯格（Jonas Tallberg）、托马斯·佐默勒（Thomas Sommerer）、特蕾莎·斯夸里托（Theresa Squatrito）与克里斯特·永松（Christer Jönsson），发表于《国际组织》（International Organization）第68卷第4期，2014年秋季，第741-774页，DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818314000149（关于DOI）。摘要：近数十年来，国际合作领域出现显著转变——跨国行为体（Transnational Actors, TNAs）的参与度持续提升，这类行为体包括非政府组织、跨国企业与慈善基金会。本文对跨国行为体获取国际组织（International Organizations, IOs）准入资格的现象展开全面的理论与实证研究。本分析基于一套全新数据集，覆盖1950年至2010年间50个国际组织下属298个机构的跨国行为体正式准入情况。研究团队梳理了跨国行为体准入情况在时间维度、议题领域、政策职能与全球各区域间的核心规律，并针对跨国行为体准入差异的多种竞争性解释开展了统计学检验。核心研究结论包含三点：其一，实证数据证实，过去六十年来国际组织发生了影响深远的制度变革，这一变革覆盖所有议题领域、政策职能与全球各区域；其二，国际组织内部及不同国际组织之间的跨国行为体准入差异，主要可由三大因素的组合效应加以解释：对跨国行为体资源的功能性需求、国际组织成员国的国内民主标准，以及成员国对国家主权的关切；其三，现有研究存在选择偏差问题，这一偏差导致其高估了全球治理中新型参与规范对国际组织开放程度的整体重要性。