D.O.s in Dermatology Residency Programs Post-Graduate Medical Education Accreditation Merger

According to ACGME public reports, there are 143 dermatology residency programs for the 2024-2025 academic year. The number of DOs and MDs enrolled in these programs were identified from residency program websites, program coordinators, social media pages, and residents and graduates from respective programs. Six newly accredited programs since 2017 and three military programs were excluded. In the included 23 formerly AOA programs, there are 21.9% MDs and 78.1% DOs, whereas in the included 111 ACGME programs, there are 1.9% DOs and 98.1% MDs in 2024-2025. This shows that since the merger, historically AOA programs have admitted a greater proportion of MD residents compared to the limited number of DO residents admitted in traditionally allopathic programs. Using the NRMP match data from 2020 to 2024, we analyzed the match rates of DO and MD applicants to dermatology residency programs . Over this period, senior osteopathic medical students had lower odds of matching into dermatology compared to their allopathic counterparts (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.46). USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) performance data from 2020 to 2023 showed comparable passing rates between DO and MD students, with no statistically significant differences observed for Step 1 (p=0.343) or Step 2 CK (p=0.114).根据美国毕业后医学教育认证委员会（Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, ACGME）的公开报告，2024-2025学年共有143个皮肤病学住院医师培训项目。本研究通过各住院医师培训项目官网、项目协调员、社交媒体页面以及对应项目的住院医师与毕业生信息，确定了各项目中注册的骨科医学博士（Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, DO）与医学博士（Doctor of Medicine, MD）人数。本研究排除了2017年以来新获得认证的6个项目以及3个军方培训项目。纳入分析的23个原属美国骨科医师协会（American Osteopathic Association, AOA）的项目中，2024-2025学年的注册学员中医学博士占比21.9%、骨科医学博士占比78.1%；而纳入分析的111个美国毕业后医学教育认证委员会（ACGME）项目中，骨科医学博士占比仅1.9%，医学博士占比98.1%。这一结果表明，在两协会合并后，原属美国骨科医师协会的培训项目招收的医学博士住院医师占比，远高于传统对抗医学项目中招收的骨科医学博士住院医师占比。 本研究利用2020至2024年的国家住院医师匹配计划（National Resident Matching Program, NRMP）匹配数据，分析了骨科医学博士与医学博士申请者申请皮肤病学住院医师培训项目的匹配率。在此期间，骨科医学院的高年级学生申请皮肤病学住院医师项目的匹配成功率，显著低于传统对抗医学医学院的高年级学生（优势比OR=0.37；95%置信区间CI=0.30, 0.46）。 2020至2023年的美国医学执照考试（United States Medical Licensing Examination, USMLE）Step 1与Step 2临床知识（Clinical Knowledge, CK）成绩数据显示，骨科医学博士与医学博士学生的通过率相当，Step 1考试（p=0.343）与Step 2 CK考试（p=0.114）的通过率差异均无统计学意义。