Food Restriction Patterns and Their Association with Growth and Nutrition in Chinese Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
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Supplementary Legends Supplementary Figures Legends Supplementary Figure 1. Status of food restriction and food sensitization among children and adolescents with AD. (A) The overall mismatch rate between food sensitization and food restriction. The left section indicates the presence of food sensitization, while the right section shows whether food restriction was implemented. (B) Prevalence and food-specific patterns of food restrictions. The left panel lists various food items; the right panel indicates the corresponding restriction status for each food. (C) Prevalence and food-specific patterns of allergic sensitization. The left panel displays food categories; the right panel shows the sensitization status for each food. Food sensitization was defined based on specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing to food allergens. Serum allergen-sIgE levels were measured using the ImmunoCAP system (Phadia). Food restriction was determined based on self- or caregiver-reported dietary avoidance practices. Supplementary Figure 2. Association of food restriction with nutritional status in pediatric AD. (A) Serum albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels. (B) Serum electrolyte and mineral levels (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium). (C) Serum sodium and chloride levels. ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, ***P<0.001. Supplementary Figure 3. Association of food restriction duration and number of restricted food items with growth in children and adolescents with AD. (A) Differences in height z-scores, weight z-scores, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores across groups with varying durations of food restriction. (B) Height, weight, and BMI z-scores across groups with varying numbers of restricted food items. All z-scores are standardized for age and sex. ns, not significant; ***P<0.001. Supplementary Tables Legends Supplementary Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the AD patients in food restriction group and non-food restriction group Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index. Bold indicates significant values (P<0.05). Supplementary Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the AD patients in food restriction group and non-food restriction group (matched) Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index. Supplementary Table 3. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with differences in the degree of food restriction Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; CI, Confidence Interval; OR, Odds Ratio. *Moderate food restriction is defined as a restriction duration of ≤3 months and a restriction of ≤2 types of food. All other types of food restriction are classified as excessive food restriction. Bold indicates significant values (P<0.05).
补充说明 一、补充图例说明 补充图1. 特应性皮炎（Atopic Dermatitis，AD）患儿与青少年群体的食物限制与食物致敏现状。(A) 食物致敏与食物限制的总体错配率：左侧区段代表存在食物致敏情况，右侧区段展示是否实施了食物限制。(B) 食物限制的患病率与食物特异性分布：左侧面板列出各类食物，右侧面板对应展示每种食物的限制状态。(C) 食物致敏的患病率与食物特异性分布：左侧面板展示食物类别，右侧面板展示每种食物的致敏状态。食物致敏的定义基于食物过敏原的特异性免疫球蛋白E（specific immunoglobulin E，sIgE）检测结果。血清过敏原-sIgE水平采用ImmunoCAP检测系统（菲迪亚，Phadia）进行测定。食物限制则基于受试者自身或照料者报告的饮食回避行为确定。 补充图2. 儿童特应性皮炎患者的食物限制与营养状态的关联。(A) 血清白蛋白、血细胞比容及血红蛋白水平。(B) 血清电解质与矿物质水平（钾、钙、磷、镁）。(C) 血清钠与氯水平。ns：无统计学意义；*P < 0.05，***P < 0.001。 补充图3. 特应性皮炎患儿与青少年的食物限制时长、受限食物种类与生长发育的关联。(A) 不同食物限制时长组的身高z评分、体重z评分及体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）z评分差异。(B) 不同受限食物种类组的身高、体重及BMI z评分。所有z评分均按年龄与性别进行标准化。ns：无统计学意义；***P < 0.001。 二、补充表格说明 补充表1. 食物限制组与非食物限制组特应性皮炎患者的基线特征。缩写：BMI，体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）。加粗字体代表具有统计学意义的数值（P < 0.05）。 补充表2. 匹配队列中食物限制组与非食物限制组特应性皮炎患者的基线特征。缩写：BMI，体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）。 补充表3. 采用Logistic回归（Logistic regression）分析探究与食物限制程度差异相关的影响因素。缩写：BMI，体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）；CI，置信区间（Confidence Interval，CI）；OR，比值比（Odds Ratio，OR）。*中度食物限制定义为限制时长≤3个月且受限食物种类≤2种，其余所有食物限制类型均归类为过度食物限制。加粗字体代表具有统计学意义的数值（P < 0.05）。
