Experimental Models of Drug Metabolism and Distribution in Drug Design and Development

Drug discovery and development involve the utilization of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Different models, ranging from test tube experiments to cell cultures, animals, healthy human subjects, and even small numbers of patients that are involved in clinical trials, are used at different stages of drug discovery and development for determination of efficacy and safety. The proper selection and applications of correct models, as well as appropriate data interpretation, are critically important in decision making and successful advancement of drug candidates. In this review, we discuss strategies in the applications of both in vitro and in vivo experimental models of drug metabolism and disposition药物发现与开发过程离不开体外（in vitro）与体内（in vivo）实验模型的应用。从试管实验、细胞培养、动物模型、健康受试者，乃至参与临床试验的少量患者在内的各类模型，会在药物发现与开发的不同阶段被选用，以评估药物的药效与安全性。合理选择并应用恰当的模型，辅以精准的数据解读，对于决策制定与候选药物的顺利推进至关重要。本综述将探讨药物代谢与处置相关的体外、体内实验模型的应用策略。