Bias Corrected NOAA HRRR Wind Resource Data for Grid Integration Applications

Many weather years of high-quality wind data are widely accepted in the grid integration community to be important for studying wind energy technical potential, energy system operations, and grid resilience.

NREL makes high-quality wind and solar resource data available. NREL's Grid-Atmosphere workshop (March 2024) identified NREL National Solar Radiation Database as widely used in grid integration modeling, but there is less agreement on gold standard wind datasets. One important factor identified by ESIG's 2023 report "Weather Dataset Needs for Planning and Analyzing Modern Power Systems" for gold standard wind data is regular updates.

To address the need for regular updates, NREL's team can now process all currently available and regularly updated High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) outputs. HRRR is an hourly-updated operational forecast product produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). See the HRRR resources linked below for more information.

One barrier to NREL using HRRR is consistency with NREL's existing wind datasets (e.g. WIND Toolkit, "WTK") across weather years. To address this barrier, we show that the HRRR can be interpolated and bias-corrected to be consistent with NREL's existing datasets. We call the new dataset BC-HRRR (bias-corrected HRRR). As with historical datasets like WTK, BC-HRRR is intended for use in grid integration modeling (e.g., capacity expansion, production cost, and resource adequacy modeling). Similar to the WTK, BC-HRRR includes wind speed, direction, temperature, and humidity data across the contiguous United States (both onshore and offshore) at several hub heights.

BC-HRRR's (2015-present) consistency with WTK (2007-2013) allows NREL to extend internal grid integration tooling to 15+ weather years of wind data with low-overhead extensibility to future years as they occur and are made available by NOAA.

This data conforms to the typical NREL wind/solar resource data format, which is described in the "NREL Renewable Energy Resource Data Documentation" resource below. Additionally, it can be used in the same way as other NREL wind/solar data

众多年份的高质量风速数据在电网集成领域被广泛认可，对于研究风能技术潜力、能源系统运行和电网韧性具有重要意义。美国可再生能源实验室（NREL）提供了高质量的风能和太阳能资源数据。NREL的电网-大气工作坊（2024年3月）确定，NREL国家太阳辐射数据库在电网集成建模中得到广泛应用，但对于金标准风能数据集则存在较少的一致性。美国电气和电子工程师协会（ESIG）在2023年的报告《现代电力系统规划和分析所需的气象数据集》中，将定期更新视为金标准风能数据的一个重要因素。

为了解决定期更新的需求，NREL团队现在可以处理所有目前可用且定期更新的高分辨率快速刷新（HRRR）输出。HRRR是由美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）生产的每小时更新的操作预报产品。有关HRRR资源的更多信息，请参阅下方的链接。

NREL使用HRRR的一个障碍是与NREL现有风能数据集（例如WIND Toolkit，简称“WTK”）在气象年份上的一致性。为了克服这一障碍，我们证明了HRRR可以通过插值和偏差校正与NREL现有数据集保持一致。我们将新的数据集称为BC-HRRR（偏差校正的HRRR）。与历史数据集如WTK一样，BC-HRRR旨在用于电网集成建模（例如，容量扩展、生产成本和资源充足度建模）。与WTK类似，BC-HRRR包括风速、风向、温度和湿度数据，覆盖美国大陆（包括陆上和海上）的多个轮毂高度。

BC-HRRR（2015年至今）与WTK（2007-2013年）的一致性使得NREL能够将其内部电网集成工具扩展至15年以上年份的风能数据，且具有低开销的可扩展性，以应对未来年份NOAA提供的数据。}