Arachidonic acid mediates the microbial-gut-brain axis makes dietary supplementing possible to alleviate Parkinson's Disease

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acid present in various food sources. Endogenous AA has been found to have a strong correlation with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), according to reports. Nevertheless, the efficacy of food supplements for Parkinson's patients and its underlying mechanism remain uncertain. The study of PD has seen significant focus on the microbial-gut-brain axis in recent years. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism via which harm to the microbiota or intestinal tract results in brain pathology has not been comprehensively documented. In this study, we developed an intestinal PD model. The fecal bacteria and serum compounds of mice at various phases were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis. The association study revealed a robust correlation between the dysregulation of AA metabolism and the alterations in gut flora. The findings from fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated a substantial drop in serum AA concentration in PD mice, indicating a strong association with intestinal flora alteration. Oral administration of AA as a dietary supplement can improve dopaminergic neuron death, neuroinflammation, and motor dysfunction in PD. The findings demonstrated that disruption of the intestinal environment led to an imbalance in the intestinal flora, thereby impacting the alteration of serum AA levels. Exogenous AA supplementation can ameliorate Parkinson's brain lesions and motor abnormalities based on recent insights into the gut-brain axis-mediated symptoms of Parkinson's brain. Adjusting the food structure to increase the intake of AA has great potential for treating and preventing PD.