Data from: Significant genetic boundaries and spatial dynamics of giant pandas occupying fragmented habitat across southwest China

Understanding population history and genetic structure are key drivers of
ecological research. Here we studied two highly fragmented and isolated
populations (Xiaoxiangling and Daxiangling) of giant pandas (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) at the extreme southwestern edge of their distribution. This
area also contains the Dadu River, national road 108 and various human
infrastructure and development, providing an ideal region in which we can
identify the effects of different barriers on animal movements. We used
partial mitochondrial control region (mtDNA) and nine microsatellite loci
(nuclear DNA) data derived from 192 fecal and one blood sample collected
from the wild. We found 136 genotypes corresponding to 53 unique
multilocus genotypes and eight unique control region haplotypes (653 bp).
Significant genetic boundaries correlated spatially with the Dadu River
(K=2). We estimate that a major divergence took place between these
populations 26 000 YBP, at around the similar time the rock surface of
valley bottom formed in Dadu River. The national road has resulted in
further recent population differentiation (Pairwise FS on mtDNA and
nuclear DNA) so that in effect, four smaller sub-populations now exist.
Promisingly, we identified two possible first generation migrants and
their migration paths, and recommended the immediate construction of a
number of corridors. Fortunately, the Chinese government has accepted our
advice and is now planning corridor construction.