竹炭竹醋液之品質評估與推廣利用-竹炭材料應用於污染物質之移除研究

近年來，全球環境污染日益嚴重，污染存在範圍從空氣、噪音、土壤、地下水至日用水等，對人類、生物甚而整個生態皆有危害，因此污染防治成為目前面臨的重大課題。移除污染的方法以沈澱法使用最為廣泛，但此方法不能將水中污染物質濃度降至放流水標準；而離子交換法、薄膜過濾法及活性炭吸附法的效果雖然良好，但若大規模施行於污染源現場則所耗費成本太高，因此尋找一低成本之移除污染物方法，已成為刻不容緩的課題。以生物材料作為吸附重金屬方法稱為生物吸附法(biosorption)，具有低成本、資源豐富、材料來源容易獲得、無須太多處理、具有生物可降解等特性，已成為一極具研究潛力方向。竹材在台灣的分佈十分廣泛，為一種價值低廉且具再生性的木質纖維材料，其纖維具多孔性與高親水性，具有天然吸附重金屬、含磷化合物與含氮化合物之潛力。竹炭之所以具有吸附異味、致癌物、農藥殘毒等化學物質之功能，乃是藉由將竹材高溫碳化，進行熱分解，除去非碳物質，產生固定碳質和具多孔質超大比表面積結構之碳化物。其吸附原理以物理吸附為主，主要探討加熱溫度對比表面積、孔洞分佈及吸附效果之影響。本計畫擬採用台灣易取得之竹炭材，探討於不同條件處理下的變化及其應用在不同污染物之移除效果。預計不但可有效地開發利用我國之竹材資源作為淨化水質之篩網，亦可提升竹農經濟收益、改善環境污染，創造一永續與健康之潔淨家園。In recent years, global environmental pollution has been worsening, with contaminants ranging from air, noise, soil, groundwater to domestic water, posing hazards to humans, organisms and even the entire ecosystem. As a result, pollution control has become a critical issue facing the world today. Among existing pollution remediation methods, precipitation is the most widely used, but it fails to reduce the concentration of water pollutants to discharge standards. Although ion exchange, membrane filtration and activated carbon adsorption exhibit good performance, their large-scale implementation at pollution sources incurs excessively high costs. Thus, developing a low-cost pollutant removal method has become an urgent task. The use of biological materials as heavy metal adsorbents is termed biosorption. Featuring low cost, abundant resources, easy availability, minimal pretreatment requirements and biodegradability, biosorption has emerged as a highly promising research direction. Bamboo is widely distributed in Taiwan, serving as a low-cost and renewable lignocellulosic material. Its fibers are porous and highly hydrophilic, endowing it with inherent potential to adsorb heavy metals, phosphorus-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds. The adsorption capacity of bamboo charcoal for odors, carcinogens, pesticide residues and other chemical substances stems from the high-temperature carbonization of bamboo, during which thermal decomposition removes non-carbon substances, yielding fixed carbon and carbides with a porous structure and ultra-high specific surface area. Its adsorption mechanism is primarily physical adsorption, and existing studies mainly focus on the effects of heating temperature on specific surface area, pore size distribution and adsorption performance. This project intends to use readily available bamboo charcoal materials in Taiwan, investigating their changes under different treatment conditions and their efficacy in removing various pollutants. It is expected that this project will not only effectively develop and utilize Taiwan's bamboo resources as a water purification medium, but also increase the economic income of bamboo farmers, alleviate environmental pollution, and create a sustainable, healthy and clean homeland.