Maddison Project Database 2023

The Maddison Project Database 2023 release is the latest iteration of the Maddison Project Database (MPD). The dataset incorporates new time series data on GDP per capita and population for 169 countries and aggregate regions from 1 AD up to 2022. The original Maddison methodology has been refined. The data includes information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022.<br><br>

<b>When using these data (for whatever purpose), please make the following reference:</b><br>

MPD version 2023: Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024). Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update. Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. <a href= "https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12618" target="_blank">DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618</a>

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<b>All original papers must be cited when:</b><br>
<ol>
<li>The data is shown in any graphical form</li>
<li> Subsets of the full dataset that include less than a dozen (12) countries are used for statistical analysis or any other purposes</li>
</ol>

A list of original papers can be found in the source sheet of the database. When neither 1) or 2) apply, then the MPD as a whole should be cited.

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More information about this release of the of the Maddison Project Database can be found on the <a href="https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/">associated page</a> on the website of the <a href="https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/" target=_blank">Groningen Growth and Development Centre</a>.

2023版麦迪森项目数据库（Maddison Project Database, MPD）为麦迪森项目数据库的最新迭代版本。该数据集纳入了公元1年至2022年间，涵盖169个国家及汇总区域的人均国内生产总值（GDP per capita）与人口时间序列新数据。原始麦迪森研究方法已得到优化完善。该数据集包含超长时域内的比较经济增长与收入水平相关信息。该数据库2023版涵盖169个国家，数据时域延伸至2022年。使用该数据集（无论用途为何）时，请引用以下文献：2023版MPD：Bolt, Jutta与Jan Luiten van Zanden（2024）。《世界经济演化的麦迪森式估算：2023年全新更新》，《经济概览期刊》（Journal of Economic Surveys），第1-41页，DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618。出现以下任一情况时，需引用全部原始文献：其一，数据集以任何图形形式呈现时；其二，使用包含不足12个国家的完整数据集子集开展统计分析或其他用途时。原始文献列表可在数据库的源数据表中获取。若上述两种情况均不满足，则仅需引用整体MPD数据集即可。有关该版麦迪森项目数据库的更多信息，可在格罗宁根增长与发展中心（Groningen Growth and Development Centre）官网的相关页面查询。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

Maddison Project Database 2023是Maddison项目数据库的最新版本，提供了169个国家及地区从公元1年至2022年的人均GDP和人口长期时间序列数据，用于比较经济增长和收入水平。该数据集基于改进的Maddison方法，覆盖范围广泛且时间跨度极长，是研究长期全球经济发展的重要资源。