Macronutrient composition of test meals provided on the day before sleep or total sleep deprivation.

On the day before sleep or total sleep deprivation, participants received three regular standard meals and three additional drinks. The total amount of meal intake (3777 kJ in sum) equalled ∼ 40% of the estimated daily energy expenditure. In order to produce the low energy intake condition (50% of the individual energy expenditure), the three additional drinks were enriched with the taste- and odourless carbohydrate maltodextrin. In the high caloric conditions (150% of the individual energy expenditure), all main meals as well as the additional drinks were also enriched with maltodextrin, leading to a calorie content of 13816 kJ on average. All values were rounded. Abbreviations: CH, carbohydrate; F, fat; P, protein.