A rapid review of early guidance to prevent and control COVID-19 in custodial settings

Abstract Background With over 11 million people incarcerated globally, prevention and control of COVID-19 in custodial settings is a critical component of the public health response. Given the risk of rapid transmission in these settings, it is important to know what guidance existed for responding to COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic. We sought to identify, collate, and summarise guidance for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in custodial settings in the first six months of 2020. We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature, and manually searched relevant websites to identify publications up to 30 June 2020 outlining recommendations to prevent and/or control COVID-19 in custodial settings. We inductively developed a coding framework and assessed recommendations using conventional content analysis. Results We identified 201 eligible publications containing 374 unique recommendations across 19 domains including: preparedness; physical environments; case identification, screening, and management; communication; external access and visitation; psychological and emotional support; recreation, legal, and health service adaptation; decarceration; release and community reintegration; workforce logistics; surveillance and information sharing; independent monitoring; compensatory measures; lifting control measures; evaluation; and key populations/settings. We identified few conflicting recommendations. Conclusions The breadth of recommendations identified in this review reflects the complexity of COVID-19 response in custodial settings. Despite the availability of comprehensive guidance early in the pandemic, important gaps remain in the implementation of recommended prevention and control measures globally, and in the availability of evidence assessing their effectiveness on reducing COVID-19 disease, impact on people in custody and staff, and implementation.摘要 背景：全球目前有超过1100万在押人员，因此在羁押监管场所（custodial settings）开展新冠病毒感染的预防与控制工作，是公共卫生应对举措的关键组成部分。鉴于此类场所极易发生病毒快速传播，了解新冠大流行早期阶段针对该场景的疫情应对指导方案具有重要意义。本研究旨在识别、整理并总结2020年上半年针对羁押监管场所的新冠疫情防控指导方案。本研究对同行评议文献（peer-reviewed literature）及灰色文献（grey literature）开展系统检索，并手动检索相关网站，以筛选出2020年6月30日前发布的、针对羁押监管场所新冠疫情防控的相关指南类文献。本研究采用归纳法构建编码框架，并运用常规内容分析（conventional content analysis）法对各类防控建议进行分析评估。 结果：本研究共纳入201篇合格文献，梳理得到覆盖19类别的374项独立防控建议，类别包括：防控准备、场所物理环境、病例识别、筛查与管理、信息沟通、外部出入与探视管理、心理与情绪支持、娱乐及法律与医疗服务适配、羁押人数缩减（decarceration）、刑满释放与社区复归（release and community reintegration）、工作人员后勤保障、疫情监测与信息共享、独立监督、补偿措施、防控措施解除、效果评估，以及重点人群/场所。本研究发现各类建议间的冲突情况极少。 结论：本综述纳入的防控建议覆盖范围广泛，反映出羁押监管场所新冠疫情应对工作的复杂性。尽管新冠大流行早期已出台了较为全面的指导方案，但全球范围内防控建议的落地仍存在显著短板，且目前尚缺乏足够证据评估这些措施在降低新冠感染发病率、改善在押人员与工作人员受影响情况，以及提升措施落地性方面的实际效果。