N2 fixation rates, primary production, cyanobacterial community and dust aerosol optical depth data in the Bay of Bengal.

Dataset provides values for N₂ fixation, primary production and relative abundance of cyanobacterial communities along with the various environmental parameters for the Bay of Bengal sampled during the Indian spring inter-monsoon season. In addition, the minimum quantifiable rate (MQR) calculations for N₂ fixation rates and dust aerosol optical depth data are also provided.