Supplementary material for thesis "Optimising implementation strategies for fuel cell powered road transport systems in the United Kingdom"

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The advantages of a hydrogen fuel cell transport system over the existing fossil fuelled internal combustion engine (ICE) regime are well documented and include the significant reduction of gaseous emissions. There are good reasons to argue that the use of hydrogen fuel cells may be one of the few technologies that can satisfy global energy demand for transport while minimising environmental impact.

Although the goal is well defined, the path of the transition to a fuel cell transport system is highly uncertain. This is due to the method of fuel delivery, many aspects of which remain undecided, and also to the social and economic implications posed by a change to a new energy infrastructure. Therefore, as part of the process of managing the introduction of fuel cell vehicles, non-technological issues will need to be considered in parallel with technological developments.

To inform the required socio-technical analysis, the approach of Quantitative Strategic Niche Management has been employed. This includes analysis of environmental impacts, user attitudes, market acceptance, social learning, regulatory framework and government policy. Applied as a management tool, it can be used to encourage technological innovations by designing protection measures that enable new technologies to develop their potential before being exposed to prevailing market forces. The methodology also includes the use of a quantitative tool, the Lifetime Evaluation of Alternative Fuels (2) model, which is designed to assess cleaner fuels and technologies on economic and environmental grounds.

The thesis applies these methods to evaluate several fuel cell vehicle options for use in the UK. The analysis considers the merits of fuel cell transport in the context of the existing oil ICE regime. The results are used to construct a fuel cell vehicle incentive strategy that could be used to inform future UK transport policy.

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氢燃料电池运输系统相较于现有的化石燃料内燃机 (ICE) 制度所具有的优势已被充分记录，其中包括显著降低气态排放。有充分的理由认为，使用氢燃料电池可能是少数能够满足全球运输能源需求同时最小化环境影响的技术之一。

尽管目标已明确，但过渡到燃料电池运输系统的路径却极为不确定。这主要归因于燃料供应方式，其中许多方面尚未确定，以及向新的能源基础设施转变所带来的社会和经济影响。因此，作为管理燃料电池车辆引入过程的一部分，需要在技术发展并行考虑非技术问题。

为了进行必要的社会技术分析，采用了定量战略利基管理方法。这包括对环境影响、用户态度、市场接受度、社会学习、法规框架和政府政策进行分析。作为管理工具，它可以通过设计保护措施来鼓励技术创新，使新技术在面临现行市场力量之前能够发挥其潜力。该方法还包括使用一种定量工具——替代燃料终身评价 (2) 模型，该模型旨在从经济和环境角度评估更清洁的燃料和技术。

论文将这些方法应用于评估英国使用的几种燃料电池车辆选项。分析考虑了燃料电池运输在现有石油 ICE 制度背景下的优点。结果被用来构建一种燃料电池车辆激励策略，该策略可用于指导未来的英国运输政策。