Oceanographic Station, temperature profiles, and other data from XBT and bottle casts from the DOLPHIN as part of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP) from 17 January 1975 to 10 April 1975 (NODC Accession 7500672)

Oceanographic Station, temperature profiles, and other data were collected from XBT and bottle casts from the DOLPHIN from 17 January 1975 to 10 April 1975. Data were collected by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as part of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP). Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Oceanographic Station Data (SD2) and the Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) formats. Full format descriptions are available at nodc.noaa.gov/. The Oceanographic Station Data format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity, but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t), sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels. The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data records are comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. The XBT data files contain temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''''inflection points'''') required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of 450 m or 760 m. Special instruments permit measurements to 1830 m.1975年1月17日至4月10日期间，研究船“海豚号（DOLPHIN）”通过投弃式温深计（expendable bathythermograph, XBT）和采水器站位采集了海洋站数据、温度剖面及其他相关资料。本数据集由美国国家海洋渔业局（National Marine Fisheries Service, NMFS）作为海洋资源监测、评估与预测计划（Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction, MARMAP）的一部分收集完成，后由国家海洋数据中心（National Oceanographic Data Center, NODC）处理为标准海洋站数据格式（Oceanographic Station Data, SD2）与通用投弃式温深计输出格式（Universal Bathythermograph Output, UBT）。完整的格式说明可于nodc.noaa.gov网站查询。 标准海洋站数据格式存储了离散深度层上记录的物理海洋与化学海洋数据。绝大多数观测采用多瓶南森采水器或其他类型的水体采样装置完成，仅约5%的观测数据通过电子温盐深仪（conductivity-temperature-depth, CTD）或盐温深仪（salinity-temperature-depth, STD）获取。不过，所有提交至NODC的CTD/STD数据均采用与南森采水观测一致的深度分层标准，其处理与存储方式也与南森采水数据完全相同。每个站位均记录有航次信息（如研究船、所属国家及机构）、站位坐标、观测日期与时间。核心观测参数为温度与盐度，同时亦可包含溶解氧、磷酸盐、总磷、硅酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及pH值等指标。采样时的气象条件（如气温、气压、风力、浪况）也可被记录，此外还可存储水体颜色（福勒-乌勒色标，Forel-Ule scale）、水体透明度（赛氏盘深度，Secchi disk depth）及海底水深等辅助数据。密度（σ-t, sigma-t）、声速及动力深度异常值可通过实测参数计算得到。每个站位既包含实测深度层上的观测值，也包含经插值得到的标准深度层数据。 通用投弃式温深计输出格式存储了通过投弃式温深计（XBT）获取的温度-深度剖面数据。每条观测记录均对应航次信息、站位坐标、观测日期与时间。数据记录由温度-深度值对组成。XBT数据文件中的温度值对应非均匀分布的深度层，这些深度点仅记录为精准刻画温度曲线所需的最少数量的拐点（inflection points）。标准XBT可获取450米或760米以深的剖面数据，特殊型号的仪器则可实现1830米以深的观测。