Toxic Metals and PFAS in Svalbard Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) Liver and Muscle

Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) liver and muscle samples from August (2022) and October (2023) were analysed for toxic metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and PFAS (PFUnDA, PFTriDA, PFTDA, PFHxDA, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFOS, PFNS, PFDS, PFECHS, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, and NaDONA) concentrations to determine seasonal fluctuations in contaminant accumulation. We found a significant increase in both toxic metals and PFAS from August to October, which is when the Svalbard reindeer peak in weight. This may be explained by an extended foraging period (in October compared to August) following the annual winter fasting. The increased concentrations in October may also be explained by a dietary shift in vegetation with plant senescence at the end of summer. Overall, the PFAS profile indicated a predominant exposure to long-range transported PFAS (e.g., PFCAs). However, high concentrations of PFSAs indicate local pollution contributions too (e.g., firefighting foam).

Hg was determined using DMA-80, PFAS were determined using an Xevo TQ-XS Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer coupled with an ACQUITY UPLC system, and Cd and Pb were determined using an 8800 Triple Quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. A total of 41 PFAS were included in the analysis: PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTriDA, PFTDA, PFHxDA, PFOcDA PFBS, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFOS, PFNS, PFDS, PFDoDS, PFECHS, 4:2 FTS, 6:2 FTS, 8:2 FTS, and 10:2 FTS, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, PFOSA, MeFOSA, EtFOSA, MeFOSE, EtFOSE, GenX, NaDONA, 9Cl-PF3ONS, P37DMOA, SaMPAP and diSAMPAP. Only contaminants detected above the LOD in at least 25 % of the samples are reported.

All samples were freeze-dried and homogenised prior to analysis. The water content of the samples was 70.1% in the liver and 72.0% in the muscle. The water content was used to calculate the wet weight concentrations of the samples. The concentrations are provided in both dry weight and wet weight.

The provided data are as follows: age (years), weight (kg), contaminants (Hg, Se, Cd, Pb, PFUnDA, PFTriDA, PFTDA, PFHxDA, PFPeS, PFHxS, PFOS, PFNS, PFDS, PFECHS, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, and NaDONA) in ng/g. Values missing as a result of analytical errors are named "na", while values below the LOD were left blank.

本研究针对2022年8月与2023年10月采集的斯瓦尔巴群岛驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus）肝脏及肌肉样本，开展了有毒金属（汞Hg、镉Cd、铅Pb）与全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的浓度检测，以探究污染物积累的季节波动特征。研究结果显示，8月至10月期间，有毒金属与PFAS的浓度均出现显著升高，而该时段正是斯瓦尔巴群岛驯鹿体重达到峰值的时期。该现象可通过两种机制解释：一是相较于8月，10月驯鹿的觅食周期延长，以应对年度冬季禁食；二是夏末植被衰老引发的饮食结构转变。整体PFAS暴露谱表明，研究对象主要受到长距离传输的PFAS污染（如全氟羧酸类PFCAs），但高浓度的全氟磺酸类PFSAs也提示存在本地污染源（例如消防泡沫）。

汞（Hg）采用DMA-80直接测汞仪完成定量；PFAS采用搭载ACQUITY超高效液相色谱（UPLC）系统的Xevo TQ-XS三重四极杆质谱仪进行检测；镉（Cd）与铅（Pb）则通过8800型三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）系统分析。本次分析共纳入41种PFAS，具体包括：PFBA、PFPeA、PFHxA、PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFUnDA、PFDoDA、PFTriDA、PFTDA、PFHxDA、PFOcDA、PFBS、PFPeS、PFHxS、PFHpS、PFOS、PFNS、PFDS、PFDoDS、PFECHS、4:2 FTS、6:2 FTS、8:2 FTS、10:2 FTS、FOSAA、MeFOSAA、EtFOSAA、PFOSA、MeFOSA、EtFOSA、MeFOSE、EtFOSE、GenX、NaDONA、9Cl-PF3ONS、P37DMOA、SaMPAP及diSAMPAP。本研究仅报告在至少25%的样本中检测浓度高于检出限（Limit of Detection, LOD）的污染物。

所有样本在分析前均经冷冻干燥与均质化处理。样本含水率分别为肝脏70.1%、肌肉72.0%，该含水率被用于换算样本的湿重浓度。本研究同时提供了干重与湿重两种单位的污染物浓度数据。

本次公开的数据包含以下字段：年龄（岁）、体重（kg），以及各类污染物的浓度（单位：ng/g），污染物涵盖Hg、Se、Cd、Pb、PFUnDA、PFTriDA、PFTDA、PFHxDA、PFPeS、PFHxS、PFOS、PFNS、PFDS、PFECHS、FOSAA、MeFOSAA、EtFOSAA及NaDONA。因分析误差导致的缺失值标记为"na"，浓度低于检出限（LOD）的样本则留空。