Plan for the prevention of natural hazards of Vacheresse (Haute-Savoie) — approved on 03/04/2002

The COVADIS data standard for risk prevention plans includes all the technical and organisational specifications for the digital storage of geographical data represented in the risk prevention plans (RPPs). The major risks consist of the eight main natural hazards foreseeable in the national territory: floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrain movements, coastal hazards, avalanches, forest fires, cyclones and storms, and four technological risks: nuclear risk, industrial risk, risk of transport of hazardous materials and risk of dam failure. The Risk Prevention Plans (PPR) were established by the Act of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment. The PPR tool is part of the Law of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks. The development of a RPP is the responsibility of the State. It is decided by the Prefect. Whether natural, technological or multi-hazard, risk prevention plans have similarities. They contain three categories of information: • Regulatory mapping translates into a geographical delimitation of the territory concerned by the risk. This delimitation defines areas in which specific regulations apply. These regulations are easement and impose requirements varying according to the hazard level to which the area is exposed. The areas are represented on a zoning plan that fully covers the study area. • The hazards at the origin of the risk are contained in hazard documents which may be inserted in the presentation report or annexed to the RPP. These documents are used to map the different intensity levels of each hazard considered in the risk prevention plan. • The issues identified during the preparation of the RPP can also be annexed to the approved document in the form of maps. These similarities between the different types of PPR and the desire to achieve a good level of standardisation of PPR data have led COVADIS to opt for a single data standard, sufficiently generic to process the different types of risk prevention plan (natural risk prevention plans PPRN, technological risk prevention plans PPRT) This data standard does not consist of a complete modelling of a risk prevention plan dossier. The scope of this document is limited to geographical data in the RPPs, whether regulatory or not. Nor is the PPR standard intended to standardise knowledge of hazards. The challenge is to have a description for a homogeneous storage of the geographical data of the RPPs, since these data are of interest to several professions within the ministries responsible for agriculture, on the one hand, and ecology, and on the other hand, sustainable development.用于风险预防计划的COVADIS数据标准，涵盖了风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans，RPPs）中地理数据数字化存储所需的全部技术与组织规范。该标准覆盖的主要风险包含本国领土内可预见的8类主要自然灾害：洪水、地震、火山喷发、地形变动、海岸灾害、雪崩、森林火灾、气旋与风暴，以及4类技术风险：核风险、工业风险、危险货物运输风险与溃坝风险。 风险预防计划（PPR）由1995年2月2日发布的《加强环境保护法案》确立，而PPR工具亦是1987年7月22日《民用安全组织、森林防火与重大风险防治法案》的组成部分。风险预防计划的编制工作由国家负责，最终由省长审批敲定。 无论针对自然风险、技术风险还是多灾种，风险预防计划均具备共通特征，其包含三类核心信息： • 监管区划图：将受风险影响的领土范围进行地理界定，该边界划定了适用特定监管要求的区域。此类监管规定属于地役性约束，并会根据区域面临的灾害等级制定差异化管控要求，上述区域将通过完整覆盖研究区域的分区规划图进行可视化呈现。 • 风险源灾害文档：收录引发风险的各类灾害相关内容，此类文档可嵌入编制报告，亦可作为附件附加至风险预防计划中，用于标注风险预防计划所考量的各类灾害的不同强度等级区划。 • 编制问题图集：在风险预防计划编制过程中识别出的相关问题，亦可通过地图形式作为附件附加至获批文件中。 鉴于不同类型PPR之间存在上述共通特征，且业界期望实现PPR数据的高水平标准化，COVADIS最终选用了一套通用化程度足够高的单一数据标准，以适配各类风险预防计划的处理需求，包括自然风险预防计划（Natural Risk Prevention Plans，PPRN）与技术风险预防计划（Technological Risk Prevention Plans，PPRT）。 本数据标准并非对风险预防计划档案的完整建模，其适用范围仅局限于风险预防计划中的地理数据（无论是否属于监管类数据）。同时，PPR标准亦并非旨在实现灾害相关知识的标准化。其核心目标在于为风险预防计划地理数据的统一存储提供规范描述，因为此类数据受到农业、生态与可持续发展等多个部门的多类专业人士的关注。