Data from: The impact of shifts in marine biodiversity hotspots on patterns of range evolution: evidence from the Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)

One of the most striking biodiversity patterns is the uneven distribution of marine species richness, with species diversity in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) exceeding all other areas. However, the IAA formed fairly recently, and marine biodiversity hotspots have shifted across nearly half the globe since the Paleogene. Understanding how lineages have responded to shifting biodiversity hotspots represents a necessary historic perspective on the formation and maintenance of global marine biodiversity. Such evolutionary inferences are often challenged by a lack of fossil evidence that provide insights into historic patterns of abundance and diversity. The greatest diversity of squirrelfishes and soldierfishes (Holocentridae) is in the IAA, yet these fishes also represent some of the most numerous fossil taxa in deposits of the former West Tethyan biodiversity hotspot. We reconstruct the pattern of holocentrid range evolution using time-calibrated phylogenies that include most living species and several fossil lineages, demonstrating the importance of including fossil species as terminal taxa in ancestral area reconstructions. Holocentrids exhibit increased range fragmentation following the West Tethyan hotspot collapse. However, rather than originating within the emerging IAA hotspot, the IAA has acted as a reservoir for holocentrid diversity that originated in adjacent regions over deep evolutionary time scales.

最引人注目的生物多样性格局之一，是海洋物种丰富度的不均匀分布：印度-澳大利亚群岛（Indo-Australian Archipelago, IAA）的物种多样性远超其他所有区域。然而，印度-澳大利亚群岛的形成时间相对较晚，自古近纪以来，海洋生物多样性热点已在全球近半数区域间发生迁移。理解演化支如何响应不断迁移的生物多样性热点，是解析全球海洋生物多样性形成与维持机制的必要历史视角。这类演化推论常因缺乏能揭示历史丰度与多样性格局的化石证据而受阻。松鼠鱼与士兵鱼（Holocentridae，金鳞鱼科）的最大多样性分布于印度-澳大利亚群岛，但这类鱼类同时也是前西特提斯洋生物多样性热点沉积物中最丰富的化石类群之一。本研究利用涵盖绝大多数现生物种与若干化石演化支的时间校准系统发育树，重建了金鳞鱼科的分布区演化格局，证实了将化石物种作为终端类群纳入祖先区域重建的重要性。金鳞鱼科在西特提斯洋热点崩塌后出现了分布区破碎化程度的加剧。不过，金鳞鱼科并非起源于新兴的印度-澳大利亚群岛热点，相反，印度-澳大利亚群岛作为一处多样性储库，承接了长期演化尺度下源自邻近区域的金鳞鱼科多样性。