Characteristics of participants and cervicovaginal viral shedding by study group.

SD, standard deviation; STI, sexually transmitted infection; TV, Trichomomas vaginalis; CA, Candida albicans; TPPA, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay; RPR, rapid plasma reagin test; Geo mean, geometric mean in copies/ml (HIV RNA and HSV DNA) or copies/106 cells (HIV DNA); CVS, cervico-vaginal lavage specimen.1p-value from random effect logistic regression accounting for correlation within subjects.2p-value from random effects linear model on log-transformed viral load accounting for correlation within subjects.3Excluding data below the minimum detectable threshold.4Missing values for 7 with clinical herpes, 2 with sub-clinical herpes, 12 with never lesions, and 2 HSV-2 negative.