Biophysic and socioeconomic drivers of burned area and carbon emissions from fires in the Pantropical tropical dry forests

The global burned area declined by nearly one-quarter between 1998 and 2015. Drylands contain a large proportion of these global fires but there are important differences within the drylands, e.g., savannas and tropical dry forests (TDF). Savannas, a biome fire-prone and fire-adapted, have reduced the burned area, while the fire in the TDF is one of the most critical factors impacting biodiversity and carbon emissions. Moreover, under climate change scenarios TDF is expected to increase its current extent and raise the risk of fires. Despite regional and global scale effects, and the influence of this ecosystem on the global carbon cycle, little effort has been dedicated to studying the influence of climate (seasonality and extreme events) and socioeconomic conditions of fire regimen in TDF. Here we use the Global Fire Emissions Database and, climate and socioeconomic metrics to better understand long-term factors explaining the variation in burned area and biomass in TDF at the Pantrop..., We used the Global Fire Emissions Database, Version 4.1 (GFED4s) (Randerson et al., 2018). GFED4s includes the monthly and daily fire burned above-ground biomass from 1997 to 2020, for all fire sizes including \"small fires”. Burned area covers the period 1997-2016. The information has a spatial resolution of 0.25 degrees. We included small fires to fully capture fire dynamics across the TDF in the Pantropic. To ensure that we dominantly evaluated the TDF ecosystem, we crossed the GFED4s database to the realms defined by Dinerstein et al. (2017), similar to others (Zubkova et al., 2019). The realms are redefined and updated from their previous version of the terrestrial ecoregions of the world (Olson et al., 2001). For this study, we included the Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests and the TDF in Mato Grosso, Brazil (Biudes et al., 2022), and excluded the woody savannas from our analysis, such as the savannas of Africa, Australia, and South America (Lehmann et al., 2011; Mon...,1998年至2015年间，全球过火面积下降了近四分之一。干旱区域贡献了全球绝大多数火灾事件，但干旱区域内部存在显著异质性，例如稀树草原与热带干旱森林（Tropical Dry Forests, TDF）。作为一类易发生火灾且适应火灾的生物群系（biome），稀树草原的过火面积已有所减少；而热带干旱森林中的火灾，则是影响生物多样性与碳排放的最关键因素之一。此外，在气候变化情景下，热带干旱森林的现有分布范围预计将扩大，火灾风险也随之升高。 尽管该生态系统会对区域及全球尺度产生影响，且对全球碳循环具有重要作用，但目前针对热带干旱森林火灾制度的研究仍较为匮乏，相关研究较少关注气候（季节性与极端事件）以及社会经济条件对其火灾制度的影响。 本研究依托全球火灾排放数据库（Global Fire Emissions Database, GFED）以及气候与社会经济指标，旨在更深入地解析全球热带干旱森林过火面积与地上生物量变化的长期驱动因素。本研究使用了第4.1版全球火灾排放数据库（GFED4s）（Randerson等，2018）。GFED4s涵盖了1997年至2020年间所有规模火灾（包括"小型火灾"）的月度与逐日地上燃烧生物量数据；过火面积数据集的时间跨度为1997年至2016年，其空间分辨率为0.25度。为完整捕捉全球热带干旱森林的火灾动态，本研究将小型火灾纳入分析范围。 为确保研究主要聚焦于热带干旱森林生态系统，我们将GFED4s数据库与Dinerstein等（2017）定义的生物群系范围进行叠加匹配，该做法与Zubkova等（2019）的既往研究一致。这些生物群系范围是基于《世界陆地生态区》（terrestrial ecoregions of the world）旧版（Olson等，2001）重新修订与更新而来。本研究纳入了热带与亚热带干旱阔叶森林，以及巴西马托格罗索州的热带干旱森林（Biudes等，2022），同时排除了木本稀树草原类群，例如非洲、澳大利亚与南美洲的稀树草原（Lehmann等，2011；Mon[原文未完结]）。