MODERN PERSPECTIVES ON NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN CHILDREN: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe and life-threatening intestinal disease that occurs in newborns, particularly in premature infants. The condition is characterized by inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis of the intestinal wall. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the etiological factors of NEC, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and modern principles of treatment. In addition, preventive measures and the possible outcomes of the disease are analyzed.