Supplementary Material for: Causal relationship between Parkinson's disease with heart and vascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: By using data from publicly available genome-wide association studies from databases, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened as instrumental variables (IVs), and finished the MR analysis by inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-egger, weighted median methods. Results: The primary IVW method showed a negative association between genetically predicted Parkinson's disease and risk of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.9989; 95% CI, 0.9980-0.9998; p = 0.02). However, Parkinson's disease was not significantly associated with atrial fibrillation and flutter or venous thromboembolism. Conclusion: This study suggests a negative association between Parkinson's disease with myocardial infarction, which implies that Parkinson's disease has a protective effect on myocardial infarction.