Recidivism of criminal offences of probation clients: Comparison of 2013 and 2016 cohorts

In 2019, the State Probation Service (hereinafter SPD) completed a study entitled ‘Repeated Infringement of Probation Clients’ Criminal Offences: Comparison of 2013 and 2016 cohorts’.The study report is available at: https://www.vpd.gov.lv/lv/probacijas-klientu-noziedzigu-nodarijumu-recidivs-2013-gada-un-2016-gada-kohortu-salidzinajums-2009gads The aim of this study was to: 1. to characterise according to probation functions different target groups of probation clients and to clarify structural changes in these groups (how similar or different are the different target groups of probation clients before and after the entry into force of the Law of 13 December 2012, Amendments to the Criminal Law); 2. compare the rates of recidivism of the 2013 and 2016 probation cohorts. The study included a total of 4570 probation clients from various functions — conditionally released from criminal liability, conditionally sentenced, conditionally released from imprisonment, those convicted with forced labour, with an additional punishment — probation supervision — sentenced and probation clients, who have been subject to compulsory educational measures — public works. Data on the sampled probation customers were used to analyse relapse rates in the 2013 and 2016 cohorts of probation customers. Keywords: offenders, crime, recidivism, repeated criminal offences, State Probation Service, probation clients, conditionally released from criminal liability, suspended sentenced, conditionally released from imprisonment, forced labour, probation supervision2019年，国家缓刑服务局（State Probation Service，以下简称SPD）完成了一项题为《缓刑对象再犯罪行为：2013与2016队列对比研究》的调研。该研究报告可查阅于：https://www.vpd.gov.lv/lv/probacijas-klientu-noziedzigu-nodarijumu-recidivs-2013-gada-un-2016-gada-kohortu-salidzinajums-2009gads。 本研究旨在达成以下目标： 1. 依据缓刑工作职能，对不同类别的缓刑服务对象群体进行特征刻画，并阐明该类群体的结构变化——即2012年12月13日《刑法修正案》生效前后，各类缓刑服务对象群体的相似性与差异性； 2. 对比2013与2016年度缓刑服务对象队列的再犯罪率。 本次调研共纳入4570名覆盖不同职能范畴的缓刑服务对象，具体包括：附条件免予刑事责任（conditionally released from criminal liability）者、附条件判刑（conditionally sentenced）者、附条件假释出狱（conditionally released from imprisonment）者、被判处强制劳动且附加缓刑监管刑罚者，以及需接受强制教育措施（公益劳动）的缓刑服务对象。研究使用该抽样缓刑服务对象的相关数据，对2013与2016年度缓刑服务对象队列的再犯罪率进行分析。 关键词：犯罪行为人、刑事犯罪、再犯罪（recidivism）、重复刑事犯罪、国家缓刑服务局、缓刑服务对象、附条件免予刑事责任、附条件判刑、附条件假释出狱、强制劳动、缓刑监管