Correlation between Mutations in the Interferon Sensitivity-Determining Region of NS5A Protein and Viral Load of Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes 1b, 1c, and 2a

In the present study, we analyzed the possible relationship between interferon (IFN) sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) sequence variation of various hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes and serum HCV titers in Indonesian patients without IFN treatment. The viremia titers (mean ± standard deviation) of HCV subtype 1b (HCV-1b) isolates with low (three or fewer) and high (four or more) numbers of ISDR mutations were 5.4 ± 0.6 and 4.2 ± 0.9 log(10) RNA copies/ml, respectively, with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Similarly, the viremia titers of HCV-1c isolates with low and high numbers of ISDR mutations were 5.3 ± 0.6 and <3.0 ± 0.0 log(10) RNA copies/ml, respectively, with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Also, the virus titers of HCV-2a isolates with low and high numbers of ISDR mutations were 4.3 ± 0.7 and 3.5 ± 0.4 log(10) RNA copies/ml, respectively, with the difference between the two groups being statistically significant (P < 0.01). Thus, our results demonstrated that virus load in Indonesian patients infected with HCV-1b, HCV-1c, or HCV-2a correlated inversely with the number of mutations in the ISDR sequence, implying the possibility that the ISDR sequence plays an important role in determining the levels of HCV viremia.