Fungal species diversity, measured as Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1 − D) and Shannon’s Diversity Index (H), of stainless steel barrel-fermented Chardonnay sourced from two different vineyards.

Diversity ± SEM was measured from grape samples taken in the vineyard (n = 5 for Vineyard 2, n = 6 for Vineyard 8), as well as at four stages in the winery: cold settling (n = 3 for Vineyard 2, n = 2 for Vineyard 8), early, mid, and late (n = 3 for both vineyards at all three fermentation stages). For each diversity index, a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to compare the differences between vineyards across the three fermentation stages (cold settling samples were not included because Vineyard 8 contained only two replicates). Grape samples were analyzed separately by performing one-way ANOVA, because they constituted a different sample type. The p-values for each index are indicated in the appropriate columns, and any significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) are in bold.