Biodegradable nanoplastics pose a greater risk: Polylactide exceeds polystyrene in phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in lettuce

This dataset supports the research article entitled “Biodegradable nanoplastics pose a greater risk: Polylactide exceeds polystyrene in phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in lettuce”. The study investigated the uptake, translocation, phytotoxicity, and plant defense mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposed to conventional polystyrene (PS) and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) nanoplastics (NPs). The data comprise five main categories: Nanoparticle Characterization: Data on the physicochemical properties of the pristine and europium (Eu)-labeled PS and PLA particles, including hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and confirmation of chemical structure via Raman spectroscopy. Excitation and emission spectra validate the fluorescent properties of Eu-labeled particles for tracking. Plant Phenotype and Growth Parameters: Data on biomass, root and shoot length, and root system architecture of lettuce after 14 days of exposure to PS and PLA particles at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L. Physiological and Biochemical Indicators: Measurements of photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids), oxidative stress markers (MDA content), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT). Quantification of NPs in Plants: Data from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measuring Eu content in plant tissues (root, stem, leaf). This includes the standard curve correlating Eu mass to NPs mass, and the resulting calculated concentrations of PS-Eu and PLA-Eu particles in all tissues, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and translocation factors (TLF). This also includes quantitative data on root suberization and lignification. These data provide direct evidence for the higher bioavailability and phytotoxicity of biodegradable PLA NPs compared to conventional PS NPs, revealing associated plant defense responses. They are critical for understanding the fate of nanoplastics in plants and for the environmental risk assessment of biodegradable plastics.本数据集支撑题为"《可降解纳米塑料风险更甚：聚乳酸对生菜的植物毒性与生物富集能力优于聚苯乙烯》"的研究论文。本研究探究了暴露于常规聚苯乙烯（polystyrene, PS）与可降解聚乳酸（polylactic acid, PLA）纳米塑料（nanoplastics, NPs）的生菜（Lactuca sativa L.）对纳米塑料的摄取、转运、植物毒性及植物防御机制。 本数据集包含五大核心类别： 纳米颗粒表征：原始样品与铕（europium, Eu）标记的PS、PLA颗粒的理化性质数据，包括流体动力学直径、Zeta电位，以及通过拉曼光谱验证的化学结构。激发与发射光谱证实了Eu标记颗粒用于示踪的荧光特性。 植物表型与生长参数：暴露于浓度为0、1、5、10、20 mg/L的PS、PLA颗粒14天后，生菜的生物量、根长与地上部长度、根系构型相关数据。 生理生化指标：光合色素含量（叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素）、氧化应激标志物（丙二醛MDA含量）、抗氧化酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT）的检测数据。 植物体内纳米塑料定量数据：通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS）检测植物组织（根、茎、叶）中Eu含量的数据，其中包含Eu质量与纳米塑料质量的关联标准曲线，以及由此计算得到的各组织中PS-Eu与PLA-Eu颗粒浓度、生物富集因子（bioconcentration factor, BCF）及转运因子（translocation factors, TLF）。 本数据集还包含根系栓化与木质化的定量数据。 本数据集的数据可为可降解PLA纳米塑料相较于常规PS纳米塑料具有更高的生物利用度与植物毒性提供直接证据，并揭示了相关的植物防御响应。这些数据对于理解纳米塑料在植物体内的归趋及可降解塑料的环境风险评估具有重要价值。