Management Summary for Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations at Shaw Air Force Base and the Poinsett Electronic Combat Range in Sumter Count, South Carolina

During the period from February 28 to May 4, 2003, New South Associates conducted Phase I and Phase II archaeological investigations at Shaw Air Force Base and at Poinsett Electronic Combat Range, both located in Sumter County, South Carolina. Phase I archaeological survey and Phase II archaeological testing were conducted under subcontract with Ceo-Marine, Inc., for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, and the U. S. Air Force, Shaw Air Force Base at the Poinsett Electronic Combat Range. The work was conducted in accordance with, and in partial fulfillment of, the U.S. Air Force's obligations under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended through 1992 (P.L. 89-665; 80 Stat. 915; 16 U.S.C. § 470 et seq); the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974, as amended (P.L. 93-291); the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 90-190); Executive Order 11593, "Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment"; the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) of 1978; and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990. Alvin J. Banguilan conducted the investigations summarized in this report with field assistance from Brad Botwick, Scott Morris, Holly Norton, Dale Thieling, Tiffany Thompson, and Victoria ·Dabir-Banguilan. The Principal Investigator for the overall project was Natalie Adams. The Phase II portion of the investigation was conducted at three sites (38SU58, 38SU191, and 38SU222) within the Poinsett Electronic Combat Range (Figure 1). Sites 38SU191 and 38SU222 were originally identified by the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology (Kreisa et al. 1996). Site 38SU58 was originally identified by CRHS, Inc. (Brown et al. 1983) and later revisited by SCIAA's subsequent 1996 survey. According to the survey reports all three sites consisted of prehistoric lithic and ceramic scatters. Site 38SU58 was dated as Early and Middle Woodland on the basis of what was identified as a Yadkin Triangular projectile point and Yadkin series grit tempered ceramic sherds. Site 38SU222 was also dated to the Early and Middle Woodland based on the recovery of both Y adkin and Deptford series ceramic sherds. Finally, Site 38SU191 contained Middle Woodland, Late ·woodland, and Mississippian phase lithic and ceramic components. All three sites were recommended as potentially eligible based primarily on surface density and the recovery of diagnostic material.2003年2月28日至5月4日期间，新南联合事务所（New South Associates）在位于南卡罗来纳州萨姆特县的肖空军基地（Shaw Air Force Base）与波因塞特电子战靶场（Poinsett Electronic Combat Range）开展了第一阶段考古调查（Phase I archaeological survey）与第二阶段考古试掘（Phase II archaeological testing）。本次第一阶段考古调查与第二阶段考古试掘工作由美国陆军工程兵团沃思堡分部（U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District）与美国空军肖空军基地委托，由Ceo-Marine, Inc.承接分包项目实施。 本次工作严格遵循并部分履行了美国空军根据相关法律法规应尽的义务，包括经1992年修订的1966年《国家历史保护法》（National Historic Preservation Act of 1966，P.L. 89-665; 80 Stat. 915; 16 U.S.C. § 470 et seq）、经修订的1974年《考古与历史保护法》（Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act of 1974，P.L. 93-291）、1969年《国家环境政策法》（National Environmental Policy Act of 1969，P.L. 90-190）、第11593号行政命令《文化环境的保护与提升》（Executive Order 11593, "Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment"）、1978年《美国印第安人宗教自由法》（American Indian Religious Freedom Act, AIRFA）以及1990年《原住民墓葬保护与归还法》（Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, NAGPRA）。 负责本报告所总结调查工作的为阿尔文·J.班吉兰（Alvin J. Banguilan），实地协助人员包括布拉德·博特威克（Brad Botwick）、斯科特·莫里斯（Scott Morris）、霍莉·诺顿（Holly Norton）、戴尔·蒂林（Dale Thieling）、蒂芙尼·汤普森（Tiffany Thompson）以及维多利亚·达比尔-班吉兰（Victoria Dabir-Banguilan）。本项目总负责人为娜塔莉·亚当斯（Natalie Adams）。 本次调查的第二阶段工作在波因塞特电子战靶场内的3处遗址（38SU58、38SU191与38SU222，图1）开展。其中，38SU191与38SU222遗址最初由南卡罗来纳考古与人类学研究所（South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, SCIAA）识别（Kreisa等，1996）；38SU58遗址最初由CRHS公司（CRHS, Inc.）识别（Brown等，1983），后由SCIAA在1996年的后续调查中重新踏勘。 根据调查报告，该3处遗址均包含史前石器与陶瓷散布遗存。38SU58遗址根据出土的亚德金三角投射尖状器（Yadkin Triangular projectile point）与亚德金系列砂质陶陶片，被判定为伍德兰文化早中期遗存；38SU222遗址则根据出土的亚德金与德普特福德系列陶瓷陶片，同样被判定为伍德兰文化早中期遗存。最后，38SU191遗址包含伍德兰中期、伍德兰晚期以及密西西比文化期（Mississippian phase）的石器与陶瓷遗存。 综合来看，该3处遗址主要依据地表遗存密度与诊断性出土物，被推荐为具有潜在历史保护资格的遗址。