Acteoside, the Main Bioactive Compound in Osmanthus fragrans Flowers, Palliates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

The present study investigated the
effects of Osmanthus
fragrans flowers and acteoside on murine colitis and
the underlying mechanisms. The O. fragrans flower extract (OFE) and acteoside were administrated to chemically
induced colitic mice. The results showed that OFE or acteoside ameliorates
intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB) in colitic mice. The dysbiosis of the
gut microbiome in colitic mice was also partly restored by OFE or
acteoside, which was characterized by the alteration of the gut microbiome
structure and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides
thetaiotaomicron). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced
gut metabolome dysfunctions (e.g., sphingosine metabolism and amino
acids metabolism) in colitic mice were also partly restored by OFE
and acteoside. A fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation study suggested
that, compared with the FM from the normal diet-dosed donor mice,
the FM from the OFE- or acteoside-dosed donor mice significantly suppressed
colitic symptoms.