Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case–control study

Abstract Introduction Chronic lung disease is a major cause of morbidity in African children with HIV infection; however, the microbial determinants of HIV-associated chronic lung disease (HCLD) remain poorly understood. We conducted a case–control study to investigate the prevalence and densities of respiratory microbes among pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-naive children with (HCLD +) and without HCLD (HCLD-) established on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from HCLD + (defined as forced-expiratory-volume/second引言 慢性肺部疾病是非洲人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染儿童发病的主要原因；然而，HIV相关慢性肺部疾病（HIV-associated chronic lung disease, HCLD）的微生物决定因素仍鲜为人知。本研究开展了一项病例对照研究，旨在探究未接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗（pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV）且接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（antiretroviral treatment, ART）的HCLD阳性（HCLD+）与HCLD阴性（HCLD-）儿童的呼吸道微生物流行率及载量。方法 从HCLD+（定义为第1秒用力呼气容积/