Arduino Code for: Low Cost-tech and no Tech Solutions for Assessing Likelihood of Impact for Tree Risk Assessment

Most tree risk assessment methods task the assessor with the evaluation of a trees’ likelihood of impact (i.e., the likelihood a target will be present if a tree fails) when determining the probability that an adverse event will occur. While this is generally accomplished in a qualitative manner based on visual cues, site occupancy, a key component of likelihood of impact, can often be directly measured with traffic counters. The use of traffic counters could potentially reduce risk assessment bias and increase reproducibility, though commercially-available devices may be cost-prohibitive. This work addresses one potential barrier to traffic counter adoption through the creation of a low-cost vehicle and pedestrian counting system. In this study, we compare the accuracy and consistency of a low-cost, homemade traffic counting system to estimates derived from a commercially available system, as well as, actual vehicle and pedestrian counts tallied by a hand clicker.绝大多数树木风险评估方法均要求评估人员在判定不良事件发生概率时，评估树木的影响可能性——即树木发生失效时，目标物体在场的可能性。尽管此类评估通常基于视觉线索以定性方式完成，但作为影响可能性核心组成部分的场地占用情况，往往可通过交通计数器（traffic counters）直接测得。尽管商用的交通计数器设备往往成本高昂，但使用此类设备或可降低风险评估的偏倚，提升评估结果的可重复性。本研究通过开发一款低成本的车辆与行人计数系统，旨在解决交通计数器推广应用中存在的一项潜在障碍。本研究中，我们将一款低成本自制交通计数系统的准确性与一致性，与商用系统得出的估算值以及手持点击计数器统计的实际车辆、行人计数结果进行了对比。