Dispersal influences the evolution and adaptation of organisms, but can be difficult to detect. Host-specific parasites provide information about the dispersal of their hosts and may be valuable for e
Niche-specific gene expression in a parasitic nematode; increased expression of immunomodulatora in Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae derived from host mucosa
Nosema is a diverse fungal genus of microsporidian unicellular, obligate symbionts of insects and other arthropods. We performed a comparative genomic analysis of N. muscidifuracis, a Nosema species i
Heterogeneity in environmental conditions helps to maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity in ecosystems. As such, it may explain why the capacity of animals to mount immune responses is highly vari