Gingin Flux Data Release 2025_v2

This release consists of flux tower measurements of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer using eddy covariance techniques. Data were processed using PyFluxPro (v3.4.21) as described by Isaac et al. (2017). PyFluxPro produces a final, gap-filled product with Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) partitioned into Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (ER). The Gingin site was established in June 2011 by CSIRO and is now managed by Edith Cowan University Centre for Ecosystem Management. The site is a natural woodland of high species diversity. The overstorey is dominated by Banksia spp. mainly Banksia menziesii, Banksia attenuata, and Banksia grandis with a height of around 7 m and leaf area index of about 0.8. There are occasional stands of eucalypts and acacia that reach to 10 m and have a denser foliage cover. There are many former wetlands dotted around the woodland, most of which were inundated all winter and some had permanent water 30 years ago. The watertable has now fallen below the base of these systems and they are disconnected and are no longer permanently wet. The fine sediments, sometimes diatomaceous, hold water and they have perched watertables each winter. There is a natural progression of species accompanying this process as they gradually become more dominated by more xeric species. The soils are mainly Podosol sands, with low moisture holding capacity. Field capacity typically about 8 to 10 %; and in summer these generally hold less than 2 % moisture. The water table is at about 8.5 m below the surface, and a WA Dept of water long-term monitoring piezometer is near the base of the tower. The instrument mast is 14.8 m tall, with the eddy covariance instruments mounted at 14.8 m. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapour and heat are quantified with open-path eddy covariance instrumentation. Ancillary measurements include temperature, air humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation, incoming and outgoing long wave radiation, incoming total and diffuse PAR and reflected PAR. Soil water content and temperature are measured at six soil depths. Surface soil heat fluxes are also measured. A COSMOS Cosmic ray soil moisture instrument is installed, along with a logged piezometer, and nested piezometers installed with short screens for groundwater profile sampling. To monitor the watertable gradient, piezometers will be installed 500 m east and west of the tower.本数据集包含采用涡度协方差（eddy covariance）技术获取的地表与大气边界层间能量与物质交换通量塔观测数据。数据处理采用PyFluxPro（v3.4.21）软件，处理流程遵循Isaac等人（2017）的方法。PyFluxPro可生成经间隙填充的最终数据集，将生态系统净交换量（Net Ecosystem Exchange, NEE）划分为总初级生产力（Gross Primary Productivity, GPP）与生态系统呼吸量（Ecosystem Respiration, ER）。 金金（Gingin）观测点于2011年6月由澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）设立，现由埃迪斯科文大学生态系统管理中心负责运维。该观测点为物种多样性丰富的天然林地。林冠层以班克木属（Banksia spp.）植物为主，主要包括芒斯特班克木（Banksia menziesii）、细叶班克木（Banksia attenuata）和大果班克木（Banksia grandis），林分高度约7米，叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index, LAI）约0.8。区域内偶见高度可达10米的桉属（Eucalyptus）和金合欢属（Acacia）林分，其冠层郁闭度更高。林地内散布着多处古湿地，多数在冬季曾被水淹没，部分在30年前仍为常年积水湿地。当前地下水位已降至这些古湿地的基底以下，湿地与地下水的连通性被切断，不再常年积水。沉积物以细颗粒为主，部分为硅藻土，能够持留水分，因此每年冬季会形成暂时性上层滞水水位。伴随这一过程，湿地内的物种组成发生自然演替，逐渐被更耐旱的物种所占据。土壤类型以灰化土（Podosol）为主，持水能力较低；田间持水量通常为8%~10%，夏季土壤含水量一般不足2%。地下水位距地表约8.5米，塔基附近设有西澳大利亚州水务局（WA Department of Water）的长期监测测压管。观测塔架高14.8米，涡度协方差观测设备安装于14.8米高度处。采用开路式涡度协方差观测设备定量测定二氧化碳、水汽与热量通量。辅助观测项目包括气温、空气湿度、风速与风向、降水量、入射与出射短波辐射（shortwave radiation）、入射与出射长波辐射（long wave radiation）、总光合有效辐射与散射光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically Active Radiation, PAR）以及反射光合有效辐射。在6个不同土层深度测定土壤含水量与土壤温度，同时观测地表土壤热通量。安装有COSMOS宇宙射线土壤水分监测仪，以及带数据记录功能的测压管和用于地下水剖面采样的带短滤网的嵌套式测压管。为监测地下水位梯度，将在观测塔东西两侧各500米处安装测压管。