Data and code for: Collective motion diminishes, but variation between groups emerges, through time in fish shoals

Despite extensive interest in the dynamic interactions between individuals that drive collective motion in animal groups, the dynamics of collective motion over longer time frames are understudied. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, randomly assigned to twelve shoals of eight fish, we tested how six key traits of collective motion changed over shorter (within trials) and longer (between days) timescales under controlled laboratory conditions. Over both timescales, groups became less social with reduced cohesion, polarisation, group speed and information transfer. There was consistent inter-group variation (i.e. collective personality variation) for all collective motion parameters, but groups also differed in how their collective motion changed over days in their cohesion, polarisation, group speed and information transfer. This magnified differences between groups, suggesting that over time the ‘typical’ collective motion cannot be easily characterised. Future stu...尽管学界对驱动动物群体集体运动的个体间动态互动已有广泛研究兴趣，但针对更长时间尺度下集体运动动力学的探讨仍较为匮乏。本研究以三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）为实验对象，将其随机分为12个鱼群，每个鱼群包含8尾个体，在可控实验室条件下，测试了集体运动的6项关键特征在短时间尺度（实验内部）与长时间尺度（单日之间）的变化规律。在两种时间尺度下，鱼群的社交性均有所下降，同时群体凝聚力、极化程度、群体移动速度与信息传递效率均出现降低。所有集体运动参数均存在稳定的组间差异（即集体个性差异），但不同鱼群在凝聚力、极化程度、群体移动速度与信息传递效率随时间变化的趋势上也存在显著分歧。这一现象进一步放大了组间差异，表明随着时间推移，难以对‘典型’的集体运动模式进行精准界定。未来研究...