Bioinformatics and network pharmacology confirmed that mulberry can improve diabetes

The research on the therapeutic effects of red mulberry extract in diabetes treatment has revealed its multifaceted efficacy. Out of 91 compounds identified through the TCMSP database, six major active ingredients, including cyanidin, quercetin, morin, and beta-carotene, were selected and associated with 158 targets. Further cross-database screening identified 58 gene targets related to diabetes, and 12 intersecting targets were found between mulberry and diabetes targets. The pro-tein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed with STRING and Cystoscope software deepened the understanding of the functions of 12 interacting proteins. The disease-pathway-target-component-drug network built with Cystoscope 3.7.2 soft-ware further identified key active components in mulberries. GO and KEGG anal-yses respectively revealed the biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, and affected diseases and pathways of mulberries in regulating diabetes.