Data tabulation Does AI-enabled strategic agility influence ESG performance through green innovation, environmental responsibility, and digital leadership

This study explores the role of AI enabled strategic agility in enhancing ESG performance across Indonesian food and beverage SMEs, particularly using Point of Sales (POS) systems and implementing environmental sustainability practices in daily business operations. To address gaps in previous research, this study expands the literature on AI adoption and sustainability performance by introducing an additional mediating mechanism and examining the moderating role of digital leadership. A quantitative explanatory approach was taken, utilizing survey data collected from 276 Indonesian F&B SMEs and analyzed via structural equation modeling to assess direct, indirect, and moderating effects. Findings indicate that AI supported strategic agility has both direct and indirect effects on ESG performance. Environmental responsibility was found to significantly mediate this relationship, indicating that SMEs that transform AI based agility into environmentally responsible actions are more likely to achieve stronger ESG outcomes. In contrast, green innovation capability did not show a significant mediating effect, suggesting that environmentally oriented innovation capabilities may not yet be sufficiently developed or institutionalized within Indonesian F&B SMEs. Furthermore, the moderating effect of digital leadership is limited, emerging only in the direct relationship between AI supported strategic agility and ESG performance and in the indirect pathway mediated by environmental responsibility. Overall, this study highlights the strategic importance of AI based agility and environmental responsibility in strengthening ESG performance among SMEs in emerging markets.