Global Oceanic Rubidium Budget and Isotopic Composition: Evidence from Pelagic and Continental Margin Sediment Outputs

The Source Data present comprehensive measurements of mineralogical components, major-element concentrations, and Rb contents along with isotope compositions for sediments from the South China Sea (WS core and surface samples) and the western Pacific Ocean (core GC112). Additionally, the calculated isotopic signatures of the authigenic Rb fraction within continental margin sediments are reported. To establish a global perspective, the datasets incorporate regional surface areas and statistical parameters employed to estimate global authigenic Rb fluxes. This primary dataset is supplemented by a broader geochemical framework in the Supplementary Tables, which compile major-element and Rb data for global continental margins and deep-sea sediments (Supplementary Table S1), sedimentation rates across diverse continental margin regions (Supplementary Table S2), and Rb isotope compositions of suspended particulate matter from the Xijiang River basin (Supplementary Table S3).