Data from: Diversification patterns in the CES clade (Brassicaceae tribes Cremolobeae, Eudemeae, Schizopetaleae) in Andean South America

Dated molecular phylogenetic trees show that the Andean uplift had a major impact on South American biodiversity. For many Andean groups, accelerated diversification (radiation) has been documented. However, not all Andean lineages appear to have diversified following the model of rapid radiation, particularly in the central and southern Andes. Here, we investigated the diversification patterns for the largest South American-endemic lineage of Brassicaceae, composed of tribes Cremolobeae, Eudemeae and Schizopetaleae (CES clade). Species of this group inhabit nearly all Andean biomes and adjacent areas including the Atacama–Sechura desert, the Chilean Matorral and the Patagonian Steppe. First, we studied diversification times and historical biogeography of the CES clade. Second, we analysed diversification rates through time, lineages and associated life forms. Results demonstrate that early diversification of the CES clade occurred in the early to mid-Miocene (c. 12–19 Mya) and involved the central Andes, the southern Andes and the Patagonian Steppe, and the Atacama–Sechura desert. The Chilean Matorral and northern Andes were colonized subsequently in the early Pliocene (4–5 Mya). Diversification of the CES clade was recovered as a gradual process without any evidence for rate shifts or rapid radiation, in contrast to many other Andean groups analysed so far. Diversification time/rates and biogeographical patterns obtained for the CES clade are discussed and compared with patterns and conclusions reported for other Andean plant lineages.基于定年分子系统发育树（molecular phylogenetic trees）的研究显示，安第斯山脉隆升（Andean uplift）对南美生物多样性产生了极为显著的影响。针对诸多安第斯类群，学界已证实其存在加速分化（辐射演化，radiation）现象。然而，并非所有安第斯演化支都遵循快速辐射演化的模式完成分化，其中以安第斯中部和南部区域的类群尤为突出。本研究聚焦于南美特有的最大十字花科（Brassicaceae）演化支——由Cremolobeae族、Eudemeae族和Schizopetaleae族构成的CES演化支（CES clade），探究其分化模式。该类群的物种几乎栖息于所有安第斯生物群区及邻近区域，包括阿塔卡马-塞丘拉沙漠、智利地中海灌丛带与巴塔哥尼亚草原。本研究首先分析了CES演化支的分化时间与历史生物地理学格局，其次解析了其随时间推移的分化速率、谱系分化特征及相关生活型演化规律。研究结果表明，CES演化支的早期分化发生于中新世早期至中期（约1200万至1900万年前），分化起源地涵盖安第斯中部、安第斯南部、巴塔哥尼亚草原以及阿塔卡马-塞丘拉沙漠；智利地中海灌丛带与安第斯北部则在早上新世（400万至500万年前）才被该类群定植。与迄今已报道的诸多其他安第斯植物类群不同，CES演化支的分化过程呈现渐进式特征，未发现任何分化速率跃迁或快速辐射演化的证据。最后，本文就CES演化支的分化时间、分化速率及生物地理学格局展开讨论，并与其他已发表的安第斯植物谱系相关研究的结果与结论进行对比分析。