More on the Scale Dependence of the Predictability of Precipitation Patterns: Extension to the 2009–13 CAPS Spring Experiment Ensemble Forecasts Monthly Weather Review

This paper analyzes the scale and case dependence of the predictability of precipitation in the Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast (SSEF) system run by the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) during the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiments of 2008–13. The effect of different types of ensemble perturbation methodologies is quantified as a function of spatial scale. It is found that uncertainties in the large-scale initial and boundary conditions and in the model microphysical parameterization scheme can result in the loss of predictability at scales smaller than 200 km after 24 h. Also, these uncertainties account for most of the forecast error. Other types of ensemble perturbation methodologies were not found to be as important for the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs). The case dependences of predictability and of the sensitivity to the ensemble perturbation methodology were also analyzed. Events were characterized in terms of the extent of the precipitation coverage and of the convective-adjustment time scale <inline-formula><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="mwr-d-16-0362.1-inf1.gif"/></inline-formula>, an indicator of whether convection is in equilibrium with the large-scale forcing. It was found that events characterized by widespread precipitation and small <inline-formula><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="mwr-d-16-0362.1-inf2.gif"/></inline-formula> values (representative of quasi-equilibrium convection) were usually more predictable than nonequilibrium cases. No significant statistical relationship was found between the relative role of different perturbation methodologies and precipitation coverage or <inline-formula><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="mwr-d-16-0362.1-inf3.gif"/></inline-formula>.