States included in the latitudinal transect.

Soybean area is given as hectares (*1000), average yield was determined from 2009–2013 as metric tons (MT) per hectare, the Tmin is the increase in minimal daily (24 h) temperature (°C) per decade (determined from 1977–2013). The r value is the correlation coefficient of Tmin over time, with Pfigures 1–3 and are shown as changes in grams of active ingredient (ai) per hectare, with a value of zero indicating no change in application rates over 2013 levels.