I trappeti nell'economia e nel tessuto urbano di una comunità tra Puglia e Campania

In the area that acts as a border between Puglia and Campania, enclosed in the vast territory of the municipality of Ariano Irpino (once Ariano di Puglia) and crossed by the main communication routes of the Southern Italy (Appia, Appia Traiana and Erculea), a specific socio-economic system linked to the exploitation of the land and its products has been established. In particular, the cereal and olive crops derived from Puglia have given rise to two building variants linked to the needs of these agricultural types. While cereal crops have led to the birth of 'masseria' (a kind of farm), olive crops have imposed the creation of 'trappeti', which are structures dedicated to the harvesting and milling of olives. The land in question is dotted with hypogeal 'trappeti', both in the vast rural area and in the urban centre, which are evidence of architectural developments over the centuries. Through the analysis of the rich local historiography between the 16th and 19th centuries, of the archival sources (Pastoral Visits, Ounce Land Registry, Napoleonic Land Registry, etc.) and of the most recent reference bibliography – as well as on the basis of targeted in situ surveys – the aim of this study is to provide an analysis of the architecture in question, also outlining an ideal mapping of its existing heritage.

地处普利亚（Puglia）与坎帕尼亚（Campania）的交界地带，位于阿里亚诺伊尔皮诺自治市（Ariano Irpino，旧称普利亚阿里亚诺）的广袤辖域内，且被意大利南部三大交通干线——阿皮亚大道（Appia）、特拉亚纳阿皮亚大道（Appia Traiana）与埃尔库莱亚大道（Erculea）——贯穿，该区域已形成一套依托土地及其物产开发的特色社会经济体系。具体而言，源自普利亚大区的谷物与橄榄种植，催生了适配这两类农业生产需求的两种建筑形制：谷物种植催生了马瑟里亚农庄（masseria）——一种典型的农场类建筑，而橄榄种植则催生了特拉佩蒂橄榄棚（trappeti），这类建筑专用于橄榄的采收与碾磨加工。本次研究涉及的区域内，无论是广袤的乡村地带还是城市核心区，都星罗棋布地分布着地下式特拉佩蒂橄榄棚，它们是数百年间建筑发展历程的实物佐证。本研究通过梳理16至19世纪本地丰富的史学史料、各类档案文献（含牧区巡视记录（Pastoral Visits）、盎司土地登记册（Ounce Land Registry）、拿破仑时期土地登记册（Napoleonic Land Registry）等）与最新参考书目，并结合针对性实地勘查，旨在对本次研究涉及的建筑形制展开系统分析，同时绘制其现存遗产的理想测绘图谱。