Mean No. observed (max) and predicted Culicoides for all species and the most abundant species depending on the trap, the location and the season.

1Interaction between season and location.2LOS: largely open stable; Pred: predicted values; NS: not significant.3Predicted values (Pred) are in bold and underlined if analyze of variance between models with and without that effect showed significant differences with for α = 0.05. P-values were given for effect modalities compared to a reference value, i.e. “suction trap” for trap, “indoor” for location and “autumn” for season (***p**p*po p0.1).