The sex chromosome system can influence the evolution of sex-biased dispersal

Sex-biased dispersal is a much-discussed feature in literature on dispersal. Diverse hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of sex-biased dispersal, a difference in dispersal rate or dispersal distance between males and females. An early hypothesis has indicated that it may rely on the difference in sex chromosomes between males and females. However, this proposal was quickly rejected without a real assessment. We propose a new perspective on this hypothesis by investigating the evolution of sex-biased dispersal when dispersal genes are sex-linked, i.e. when they are located on the sex chromosomes. We show that individuals of the heterogametic sex disperse relatively more than do individuals of the homogametic sex when dispersal genes are sex-linked rather than autosomal. Although such a sex-biased dispersal towards the heterogametic sex is always observed in monogamous species, the mating system and the location of dispersal genes interact to modulate sex-biased dispers...性偏扩散（sex-biased dispersal）是扩散研究领域相关文献中广受探讨的核心特征。学界已提出多种假说，用以阐释性偏扩散的演化机制——即雄性与雌性在扩散速率或扩散距离上存在差异。早期有假说提出，性偏扩散可能源于雌雄个体间的性染色体差异，然而该假说尚未经过严谨验证便很快被否定。我们基于该假说提出全新研究视角，通过探究当扩散基因属于性连锁（sex-linked），即位于性染色体上时的性偏扩散演化过程，得出如下结论：当扩散基因与性连锁而非常染色体连锁时，异配性别（heterogametic sex）个体的扩散倾向显著高于同配性别（homogametic sex）个体。尽管在单配制物种中始终能观察到偏向异配性别的性偏扩散现象，但交配系统与扩散基因所在位置的相互作用会对性偏扩散模式产生调控作用……