Raw observation data of soil erosion and hydrodynamic parameters from runoff plots under different hedgerow configurations

This dataset presents observation data obtained from in situ simulated inflow experiments conducted from May to October 2025 at the Xingmu Soil and Water Conservation Technology Demonstration Park (42°59′N, 125°24′E), Dongliao County, Jilin Province, a typical hilly and mountainous black soil region in Northeast China. The data were collected to analyze runoff and soil erosion processes under different hedgerow configurations and to establish power function coupling relationships between runoff rate, soil erosion, and hydrodynamic parameters, respectively.

The experimental runoff plots were 5 m in horizontal projected length × 2 m in width. Four slope gradients (3°, 6°, 9°, and 15°) were set in the experiment, with an inflow intensity of 1.0 L min⁻¹ and an inflow duration of 1 h. Five hedgerow species were used, including Paspalum notatum, Melilotus officinalis, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, and Spiraea thunbergii. Bare hillslopes without hedgerows were set as the control (CK), and each treatment was performed in triplicate.

Flow velocity was measured every 5 min using the potassium permanganate tracer method. Runoff depth, flow width, and water temperature were measured synchronously at 5-min intervals. Runoff samples were collected every 2 min, and sediment samples were dried at 105 °C and weighed to determine soil erosion. The dataset includes runoff rates, runoff volume, erosion rates, soil erosion amount, and corresponding hydrodynamic parameters. Power function coupling models between runoff rate and hydrodynamic parameters, and between soil erosion and hydrodynamic parameters, were established to identify the parameters with the best predictive performance.

This dataset supports further research on hillslope hydrodynamic mechanisms, soil erosion processes, and the conservation effects of hedgerows across hilly and mountainous farmland areas.
Description: Runoff volume, unit: g.
Soil erosion rate, unit: L.
Runoff rate, unit: L m^⁻¹ min⁻¹^.
Soil erosion rate, unit: g m^⁻¹ min⁻ ¹^.
Mean flow velocity, symbol: V. Unit: cm⁻¹.
Reynolds number, symbol: Re.
Froude number, symbol: Fr.
Resistance coefficient, symbol: f.
Shear stress, symbol: τ. Unit: Pa.
Stream power, symbol: ω. Unit: N m⁻¹ s⁻¹.
Unit stream power, symbol: φ. Unit: m s⁻¹.