Effects of 3-HAA on HCC by regulating the heterogeneous macrophages—A single-cell RNA-seq analysis

CyTOF data showed that 3-HAA significantly increased the percentage of F4/80hiCX3CR1loKi67loMHCIIhi macrophage and decreased the percentage of F4/80loCD64+PD-L1lo macrophages. scRNA-seq analyses demonstrated that 3-HAA administration was proved to regulate the function of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and proliferating macrophages. We developed an orthotopic HCC model and administration with 3-HAA by intraperitoneal injection. Furthermore, cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses were carried out to define the immune landscape of HCC.