Data from: Genomic variation in recently collected maize landraces from Mexico

The present dataset comprises 36,931 SNPs genotyped in 46 maize landraces native to Mexico as well as the teosinte subspecies Zea maiz ssp. Parviglumis and ssp. Mexicana. These landraces were collected directly from farmers mostly between 2006 and 2010. We accompany these data with a short description of the variation within each landrace, as well as maps, principal component analyses and neighbor joining trees showing the distribution of the genetic diversity relative to landrace, geographical features and maize biogeography. High levels of genetic variation were detected for the maize landraces (HE = 0.234 to 0.318 (mean 0.311), while slightly lower levels were detected in Zea m. mexicana and Zea m. parviglumis (HE = 0.262 and 0.234, respectively). The distribution of genetic variation was better explained by environmental variables given by the interaction of altitude and latitude than by landrace identity. This dataset is a following up product of the Global Native Maize Project, an initiative to update the data on Mexican maize landraces and their wild relatives, and to generate information that is necessary for implementing the Mexican Biosafety Law.本数据集包含对46份原产于墨西哥的玉米地方品种，以及大刍草（teosinte）亚种小颖大刍草（Zea mays ssp. Parviglumis）和墨西哥大刍草（Zea mays ssp. Mexicana）进行基因分型得到的36931个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP）位点数据。这些地方品种主要于2006年至2010年间直接从农户处采集获得。本数据集配套提供各地方品种内部的遗传变异简要说明，以及展示遗传多样性相对于地方品种、地理特征与玉米生物地理学分布格局的地图、主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）结果和邻接进化树。经检测发现，玉米地方品种的遗传变异水平较高，期望杂合度（Expected Heterozygosity, HE）介于0.234至0.318之间（均值为0.311）；而墨西哥大刍草与小颖大刍草的遗传变异水平略低，其期望杂合度分别为0.262与0.234。遗传变异的分布格局可更好地由海拔与纬度交互作用产生的环境变量所解释，而非由地方品种的遗传属性决定。本数据集是全球本土玉米项目（Global Native Maize Project）的后续产出成果；该项目旨在更新墨西哥玉米地方品种及其野生近缘种的相关数据，并为《墨西哥生物安全法》的实施提供必要的信息支撑。