Replication Data for: Climate smart agriculture rapid appraisal (CSA-RA): A tool for prioritizing context-specific climate smart agriculture technologies

Approaches that aim to identify and prioritize locally appropriate climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies will need to address the context-specific multi-dimensional complexity in agricultural systems. The climate smart agriculture rapid appraisal (CSA-RA) is a mixed method approach that draws on participatory bottom-up, qualitative, and quantitative tools to assess the heterogeneity of local contexts, and prioritize context-specific CSA options. This is an imperative if countries are to respond to the COP21 agreement and meet their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs). The CSA-RA is designed to assess biophysical including climatic, socio-cultural, economic and technological characteristics at the household, farm and community/regional level. The CSA-RA employs gender-disaggregated methods, including gender differences in perceptions of climate change and its impacts. The CSA-RA combines common participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and rapid rural appraisal (RRA) tools into one methodology, that disaggregates the gender dimension, and includes resource mapping; climate calendars; historical calendars; cropping calendars; organization mapping; transect walks; key informant interviews; farmer interviews; and pairwise ranking matrix. The tool collects qualitative and quantitative data from various stakeholders (farmers, local leaders, researchers, local-level agricultural experts, private sector actors, donor organizations, and policy implementers), allowing expansive analysis, triangulation and validation. Application of the CSA-RA in Tanzania and Uganda reveals heterogeneity across the sites in terms of vulnerability, constraints and CSA priorities among different social groups (gender) and agro-ecological zones. Thus, the CSA-RA allows stakeholders to simultaneously take into account biophysical and socio-economic aspects to target and implement CSA.旨在识别并优先遴选适配本地场景的气候智能型农业（climate smart agriculture, CSA）技术的研究路径，需应对农业系统中因具体情境而异的多维度复杂性。气候智能型农业快速评估工具（climate smart agriculture rapid appraisal, CSA-RA）作为一种混合研究方法，依托参与式自下而上、定性与定量相结合的研究工具，评估本地场景的异质性，并优先确定适配具体情境的CSA技术方案。若各国要落实《巴黎协定》缔约方大会第21次会议（COP21）达成的共识，并完成其国家自主贡献预案（intended nationally determined contributions, INDCs）目标，该工具的应用实属必要。CSA-RA旨在评估家庭、农场及社区/区域层面的生物物理特征（含气候特征）、社会文化、经济与技术属性。该工具采用按性别分类的研究方法，涵盖针对气候变化及其影响认知层面的性别差异分析。CSA-RA将通用的参与式农村评估（participatory rural appraisal, PRA）与快速农村评估（rapid rural appraisal, RRA）工具整合为一套方法论，该方法论细化了性别维度分析，并涵盖资源测绘、气候日历、历史日历、种植日历、组织架构测绘、样带调查、关键知情人访谈、农户访谈及成对排序矩阵等工具。该工具可从各类利益相关方（农户、地方领导者、研究人员、地方农业专家、私营部门参与者、捐助机构及政策执行者）处采集定性与定量数据，支持大范围分析、三角验证与结果校验。在坦桑尼亚与乌干达开展的CSA-RA应用实践显示，不同社会群体（按性别划分）与农业生态区之间，在脆弱性、制约因素及CSA优先事项方面均存在显著异质性。因此，CSA-RA可帮助利益相关方同时兼顾生物物理与社会经济层面的因素，从而精准定位并推广气候智能型农业技术。