Chronic time poverty decreases employees’ extra-role behaviours by restricting their perspective taking

Three studies (total valid N = 19187) used to examine whether chronic time poverty restricts employees’ perspective taking, subsequently decreasing their extra-role behaviours. Study 1 provided preliminary evidence of the relationship between time poverty and one typical type of extra-role behaviours using an archival dataset from the World Values Survey. The association between time poverty and extra-role behaviours was further supported in subsequent studies, in which time poverty was either measured with a well-established scale (Study 2) or manipulated in the experiment (Study 3). Meanwhile, the mediating role of perspective taking was also confirmed in Studies 2 and 3.