Effects of the aerobic exercise on the learning of a sports motor skill

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the learning of a sports motor skill. Methods: Forty individuals were allocated to the Practice + Exercise Group (PEG) and for the Practice Group (PG). All participants practiced the underhand serve of the Volleyball; all of them were naïve regarding the motor task. The participants (age/ years: PEG: 21.7 ± 3.06, PG: 20.25 ± 1.95) performed a pre-test with five trials, an acquisition phase with fifteen blocks/ 5 trials each, a post-test with five trials, and a twenty-four hours retention test composted by five trials. The PEG was submitted to an aerobic exercise session immediately after the acquisition phase. It was provided by running around the sports court, for 20 minutes, with an intensity of 85% of the máx heart rate. The PG rest after the acquisition phase. The score and variable errors were the dependent variables. For the motor improvement during the practice, the Anova two way followed by Tukey posthoc test was run, for the retention test was used a T-test, an alpha of 5% was adopted. Results: All groups increased their score through the practice, with no significant difference between them. In the retention test, the PEG demonstrated better motor performance than PG; it may be related to improvements in the consolidation mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise. Conclusion: The aerobic exercise may be a neuromodulatory strategy to enhance the learning of complex motor skills.

摘要

目的：本研究旨在探讨有氧运动对运动技能学习的影响。

方法：40名受试者被分为练习+运动组（Practice + Exercise Group, PEG）与练习组（Practice Group, PG）。所有受试者均练习排球下手发球动作，且均为该运动任务的新手。受试者年龄分别为：PEG组21.7±3.06岁，PG组20.25±1.95岁。所有受试者均完成含5次试次的预测试、15个组块（每个组块含5次试次）的习得阶段、含5次试次的后测试，以及由5次试次组成的24小时保持测试。习得阶段结束后，PEG组即刻进行20分钟的有氧运动训练，训练方式为绕运动场跑步，运动强度为最大心率的85%；PG组则在习得阶段结束后休息。本研究以得分与变量误差作为因变量。针对练习过程中的运动技能提升情况，采用双因素方差分析（two-way ANOVA）并辅以Tukey事后检验；针对保持测试结果，则采用t检验，显著性水平α设定为5%。

结果：两组受试者在练习过程中得分均有所提升，组间无显著差异。在保持测试中，PEG组的运动表现显著优于PG组，该结果或与有氧运动诱导的运动记忆巩固机制改善相关。

结论：有氧运动或可作为一种神经调节策略，用于提升复杂运动技能的学习效果。