Public Supply Source Protection Areas Ireland (ROI) ITM

Public Water Supplies (PWSs) are managed by Irish Water, Ireland's national water utility, since 2013. Before this, public water supplies were managed by Local Authorities. More than 70% of public supplies take groundwater from boreholes, springs and infiltration galleries. This accounts for about 23% by volume (Irish Water, 2018). Source Protection Areas (SPAs) are areas outlined around groundwater abstraction points (e.g. borehole or spring) which provide drinking water. The aim of the SPAs is to protect groundwater by placing tighter controls on activities within all or part of the zone of contribution (ZOC) of the source. The Zone of Contribution (ZOC) is the land area that contributes water to the well or spring. Two Source Protection Areas (SPAs) are outlined. The Inner Protection Area (SI) aims to protect against the effects of human activities that might have an immediate effect on the source and, in particular, against microbial pollution. The Outer Protection Area (SO) covers the rest of the zone of contribution (ZOC) to the groundwater abstraction point. Not all groundwater-fed public supply sources have SPAs outlined around them. Most studies (more than 125) have been carried out by the Geological Survey Ireland as part of County Groundwater Protection Schemes. The Environmental Protection Agency carried out more than 40 studies as part of the national groundwater monitoring network characterisation. Further studies have been carried out by consultancies for Local Authorities and Irish Water. Different methods are used to map the entire Zone of Contribution to a spring, borehole or well, resulting in different degrees of confidence associated with the boundaries of the delineated area. To be able to specify the Inner Protection Zone within the entire Zone of Contribution, knowledge or estimates of groundwater travel time within the aquifer are needed (e.g. from site-specific hydrogeological parameters or tracer tests). Source Protection Areas have been mapped by the GSI and EPA following the ‘GSI method’ (e.g., GSI/EPA/IGI Source Protection Zonation course, 2009; Kelly, 2010; DELG/EPA/GSI, 1999). These SPAs were mapped as part of County Groundwater Protection Schemes or as part of the WFD Groundwater Monitoring network characterisation. Other SPAs have been mapped by consultants for Local Authorities/Irish Water. They have not been peer-reviewed by the GSI. The Zone of Contribution and the Source Protection Area account for the ‘horizontal’ movement of groundwater. Source Protection Zones are obtained by integrating the Source Protection Areas with the groundwater vulnerability categories. The Source Protection Zone includes the complete pathway, both vertical and horizontal, for re-charge and any entrained contaminants to the abstraction point. Whereas the aim of delineating ZOCs is to define approximate areas that contribute water to an abstraction point, the aim of SPZs is to geo-scientifically characterise the pathway and receptor elements of risk to groundwater within the ZOC of a given source (Kelly, 2010). EPA prepared an advice note on “Source Protection and Catchment Management to protect Groundwater Supplies” that outlines the key measures and policies in place in Ireland (EPA, 2011). This map shows the location of SPA's which have been mapped around public supplies of groundwater in Ireland. This map is to the scale 1:20,000. This means it should be viewed at that scale. When printed at that scale 1cm on the map relates to a distance of 200m. It is a vector dataset. Vector data portray the world using points, lines, and polygons (areas). The data is shown as polygons. Each polygon holds information on Source Protection Area such as name, code, id, data source, county, reviewed by GSI and links to online reports.公共供水系统（Public Water Supplies, PWSs）自2013年起由爱尔兰国家水务运营商爱尔兰水务（Irish Water）负责运营管理，此前该职责由地方当局承担。超过70%的公共供水取自钻孔井、泉点以及渗滤廊道，按体积计算占比约23%（爱尔兰水务，2018）。 水源保护区（Source Protection Areas, SPAs）是环绕饮用水地下水取水点（如钻孔井或泉点）划定的区域，其核心目标是通过对水源补给区（Zone of Contribution, ZOC）全域或部分区域内的活动实施更严格管控，以保护地下水。补给区（Zone of Contribution, ZOC）指为水井或泉点补给水源的陆地区域。 本次共划定两类水源保护区：一级保护区（Inner Protection Area, SI）旨在防范可能对取水点造成直接影响的人类活动，尤其是微生物污染风险；二级保护区（Outer Protection Area, SO）则覆盖地下水取水点补给区的剩余区域。 并非所有地下水型公共供水水源均已划定水源保护区。爱尔兰地质调查局（Geological Survey Ireland, GSI）作为县级地下水保护计划的实施主体，已完成超过125项相关研究；爱尔兰环境保护署（Environmental Protection Agency, EPA）则依托国家地下水监测网络特征化项目完成了40余项研究；此外，地方当局与爱尔兰水务还委托咨询机构开展了更多相关研究。 针对泉点、钻孔井或水井的完整补给区划定可采用多种方法，不同方法会导致划定区域边界的置信度存在差异。若要在完整补给区内明确一级保护区范围，需掌握或估算含水层内地下水的径流时间（例如通过特定场地水文地质参数或示踪试验获取相关数据）。 爱尔兰地质调查局与环境保护署采用“GSI方法”完成了部分水源保护区的划定（参考资料：GSI/EPA/IGI水源保护区划分课程，2009；Kelly，2010；DELG/EPA/GSI，1999），此类划定工作多作为县级地下水保护计划或欧盟水框架指令（Water Framework Directive, WFD）地下水监测网络特征化项目的组成部分。另有部分水源保护区由咨询机构受地方当局或爱尔兰水务委托完成划定，尚未经爱尔兰地质调查局的同行评审。 补给区与水源保护区仅考虑地下水的“水平”运移过程。而水源保护区划（Source Protection Zones, SPZs）则是将水源保护区与地下水脆弱性等级相结合得到的综合区划，其涵盖了补给至取水点的完整路径，包括垂向与横向运移过程，以及伴随运移的污染物。 划定补给区的核心目标是明确为取水点补给水源的大致区域，而水源保护区划的目标则是从地质科学角度，对特定水源补给区内地下水风险的运移路径与受体要素进行特征化描述（Kelly，2010）。环境保护署曾发布题为"Source Protection and Catchment Management to protect Groundwater Supplies"的指导意见，梳理了爱尔兰现行的关键保护措施与政策框架（EPA，2011）。 本地图展示了爱尔兰境内已划定的地下水型公共供水水源周边的水源保护区分布。 本地图比例尺为1:20000，需按该比例尺进行阅览。按此比例尺打印时，地图上1厘米对应实地距离200米。 本数据集为矢量数据集，矢量数据通过点、线与多边形（面域）来表征地理空间信息。 数据以多边形要素形式呈现，每个多边形包含水源保护区的相关属性信息，包括名称、编码、唯一标识、数据源、所属县域、是否经爱尔兰地质调查局评审，以及在线报告链接等。