The Political Leaders’ Affiliation Database (PLAD)

The Political Leaders’ Affiliation Database (PLAD) contains information on the birthplaces and ethnicities of the effective leaders of 177 countries around the world in the 1989-2023 period. The dataset is at the political leader level and reports information on 1,171 effective leaders, in office for 1,334 distinct periods of time. Birthplaces of the effective leader are geo-coded, with highest precision being the village or city level. Ethnicity is linked to the GeoEPR database (Vogt et al. 2015).政治领导人隶属关系数据库（Political Leaders’ Affiliation Database，PLAD）收录了1989年至2023年间全球177个国家实际在职领导人的出生地与族裔信息。该数据集以政治领导人个体为统计单元，共涵盖1171位实际在职领导人的相关资料，其任职时段共计1334个独立任期。所有实际在职领导人的出生地均经过地理编码处理，定位精度最高可达村庄或城市级别。其族裔信息关联至GeoEPR数据库（沃格特等，2015）。