Cardiovascular and electrophysiological effects of caffeinated energy drinks: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Zenodo Description This repository contains the analysis code and supporting materials for the systematic review and meta-analysis titled Cardiovascular and electrophysiological effects of caffeinated energy drinks: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. The analysis synthesises randomised controlled trial evidence on the acute cardiovascular and electrophysiological effects of caffeinated energy drinks in adults, including changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, QT interval, and QTc interval. The analysis retains exact post-consumption timepoints rather than collapsing them into broad time bands, allowing assessment of both the magnitude and time course of effects. Additional analyses examine caffeine dose in mg/kg, duration of effect, baseline blood pressure as a potential moderator, sugar versus sugar-free formulations, and energy drinks versus caffeine-matched controls. The repository also includes analyses of endothelial function, publication bias, required information size and trial sequential analysis, specification-curve analyses, selection models, permutation-based moderator inference, and bias-adjusted synthesis. The evidence base includes adult randomised trials as well as a separate narrative synthesis of the paediatric randomised evidence, including the EDUCATE trial. Studies that could not be quantitatively pooled because of missing variance data or incompatible estimands are retained and transparently documented rather than excluded without explanation. The repository is intended to provide a transparent and reproducible record of the statistical analyses, extracted data, analysis specifications, sensitivity analyses, and generated outputs accompanying the manuscript.